Icyiciro cya mbere cy'inganda zikora imashini zitunganya amavali (1949-1959)
01 Gutegura gahunda yo gufasha mu kugarura ubukungu bw'igihugu
Kuva mu 1949 kugeza mu 1952, ni bwo ubukungu bw'igihugu cyanjye bwazamutse. Bitewe n'ibikenewe mu kubaka ubukungu, igihugu gikeneye byihutirwa umubare munini wavalve, ntabwo ari gusavalves zifite umuvuduko muke, ariko nanone hari itsinda ry'udupira tw'umuvuduko mwinshi n'utw'igipimo kitari cyakorwa icyo gihe. Uburyo bwo gutegura ikorwa ry'udupira kugira ngo duhuze n'ibikenewe byihutirwa mu gihugu ni akazi katoroshye kandi katoroshye.
1. Gutanga ubuyobozi no gushyigikira umusaruro
Dukurikije politiki yo "guteza imbere umusaruro, guteza imbere ubukungu, kwita ku bya leta n'iby'abikorera ku giti cyabo, no kugirira akamaro abakozi n'imari", guverinoma y'abaturage ikoresha uburyo bwo gutunganya no gutumiza, kandi ishyigikira cyane ibigo byigenga biciriritse n'ibiciriritse gufungura no gukora valve. Mu ijoro ryo gushinga Repubulika y'Abaturage y'Ubushinwa, uruganda rw'ibyuma rwa Shenyang Chengfa rwahagaritse ubucuruzi bwarwo kubera imyenda myinshi rwari rufite kandi nta soko ry'ibicuruzwa byarwo, rusigarana abakozi 7 gusa bo kurinda uruganda, kandi rwagurishije ibikoresho 14 by'imashini kugira ngo rukomeze gukoresha amafaranga. Nyuma yo gushinga New China, ku nkunga ya guverinoma y'abaturage, uruganda rwongeye gukora, maze umubare w'abakozi muri uwo mwaka wiyongereye uva kuri 7 ugera kuri 96 ubwo rwatangiraga. Nyuma yaho, uruganda rwemeye gutunganya ibikoresho bya Shenyang Hardware Machinery Company, maze umusaruro uhinduka mushya. Umubare w'abakozi wiyongereye ugera kuri 329, hamwe n'umusaruro wa buri mwaka wa seti 610 z'ibyuma bitandukanye, bifite agaciro ka 830.000 yuan. Muri icyo gihe kimwe i Shanghai, si ibigo byigenga byakoraga imashini zifunga imizigo gusa byafunguwe, ahubwo n’ubukungu bw’igihugu bwagarutse, umubare munini w’ibigo bito byigenga byafunguwe cyangwa bihindukirira gukora imashini zifunga imizigo, byatumye ishyirahamwe ry’Ishyirahamwe ry’Ibyuma by’Ubwubatsi icyo gihe ryaguka vuba.
2. Gugura no kugurisha hamwe, gutegura ikorwa ry'amavali
Kubera ko hari ibigo byinshi byigenga bihinduka imashini zikora valve, Ishyirahamwe ry’ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi rya Shanghai rya mbere ntiryashoboye kuzuza ibisabwa mu iterambere. Mu 1951, inganda zikora valve za Shanghai zashinze amasosiyete 6 ahuriweho kugira ngo zikore imirimo yo gutunganya no gutumiza Shanghai Purchasing Supply Station of China Hardware Machinery Company, kandi zigashyira mu bikorwa kugura no kugurisha hamwe. Urugero, Daxin Iron Works, ikora akazi ko gukora valve nini zifite umuvuduko muto, na Yuanda, Zhongxin, Jinlong na Lianggong Machinery Factory, ikora akazi ko gukora valve zifite umuvuduko mwinshi n’uringaniye, byose bishyigikiwe n’Ibiro by’Imirimo Rusange bya Shanghai, Minisiteri y’Inganda y’Uburasirazuba bw’Ubushinwa na Central Fuel. Biyobowe n’Ubuyobozi bwa Peteroli bwa Minisiteri y’Inganda, amabwiriza ataziguye arashyirwa mu bikorwa, hanyuma agahindukirira amabwiriza yo gutunganya. Guverinoma y'abaturage yafashije ibigo byigenga gutsinda ingorane mu musaruro no kugurisha binyuze muri politiki y’ubumwe bw’igura n’igurisha, yabanje guhindura akajagari mu bukungu bw’ibigo byigenga, inanoza ishyaka ry’umusaruro w’ibigo by’ubucuruzi n’abakozi, bari inyuma cyane mu ikoranabuhanga, ibikoresho n’imiterere y’uruganda. Muri ibyo bihe, yatanze umubare munini w’ibicuruzwa by’amashanyarazi ku bigo by’ingenzi nk’inganda z’amashanyarazi, inganda z’ibyuma n’ibikomoka kuri peteroli kugira ngo byongere gukora.
3. Iterambere ryo kuvugurura serivisi z'ubwubatsi bw'ubukungu bw'igihugu
Muri gahunda y'imyaka itanu ya mbere, leta yasanze imishinga 156 y'ingenzi y'ubwubatsi, muri yo hakaba harimo gusana Yumen Oil Field na Anshan Iron and Steel Company ari imishinga ibiri minini. Kugira ngo ikomeze gukora muri Yumen Oilfield vuba bishoboka, Ibiro bishinzwe imicungire ya peteroli bya Minisiteri y'Inganda za lisansi byateguye gukora ibice by'imashini za peteroli muri Shanghai. Shanghai Jinlong Hardware Factory n'izindi zatangiye akazi ko gukora igerageza ry'itsinda ry'imashini z'icyuma zifite umuvuduko uringaniye. Birashoboka kwiyumvisha ingorane z'imashini z'icyuma zikoresha umuvuduko uringaniye zikoreshwa n'inganda nto zikora imirimo yo mu igerageza. Ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bushobora kwiganwa gusa hakurikijwe ingero zatanzwe n'abakoresha, kandi ibintu nyabyo birasuzumwa kandi bigakorwa ku ikarita. Kubera ko ubwiza bw'imashini zikoreshwa mu byuma bitari bihagije, imashini y'icyuma yakoreshejwe yagombaga guhindurwamo imashini zikoreshwa mu gucura. Icyo gihe, nta kintu cyo gucukura cyari gihari cyo gutunganya umwobo w'imashini y'icyuma, bityo cyashoboraga gucukurwa n'intoki gusa, hanyuma kigakosorwa n'umukoresha. Nyuma yo gutsinda ingorane nyinshi, twatsinze mu igerageza rya NPS3/8 ~ NPS2 ibyuma bipima umuvuduko wo hagati n'amabati yo ku isi, byakiriwe neza n'abakoresha. Mu gice cya kabiri cya 1952, Shanghai Yuanta, Zhongxin, Weiye, Lianggong n'izindi nganda zatangiye akazi ko kugerageza no gukora amabati yo ku mazuru menshi. Icyo gihe, hakoreshejwe imiterere n'amahame bya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti, maze abatekinisiye bigira mu gukora, kandi batsinda ingorane nyinshi mu musaruro. Igerageza ryakozwe rya mabati yo ku mazuru ya Shanghai ryateguwe na Minisiteri ya Peteroli, ndetse rinabona ubufatanye n'inganda zitandukanye zo muri Shanghai. Uruganda rwa Asia (ubu ni Shanghai Machine Repair Factory) rwatanze amabati yujuje ibisabwa, maze Sifang Boiler Factory ifasha mu guturitsa. Igerageza ryatsinze mu igerageza rya mabati yo ku mazuru, kandi ryahise ritegura ikorwa ry'amabati menshi maze riyohereza muri Yumen Oilfield kugira ngo ikoreshwe ku gihe. Muri icyo gihe, Shenyang Chengfa Iron Works na Shanghai Daxin Iron Works nabyo byatanzevalves zifite umuvuduko mutohamwe n’ingufu nini zikoreshwa mu kubaka amashanyarazi, Anshan Iron and Steel Company igiye gusubukura ibikorwa n’ubwubatsi bw’imijyi.
Mu gihe cy’izamuka ry’ubukungu bw’igihugu, inganda z’amavali zo mu gihugu cyanjye zateye imbere cyane. Mu 1949, umusaruro w’amavali wari toni 387 gusa, wariyongereye ugera kuri toni 1015 mu 1952. Mu by’ubuhanga, yashoboye gukora amavali y’icyuma gikozwe mu byuma n’amavali manini afite umuvuduko muto, atari gusa gutanga amavali ahuye n’ayo mu kugarura ubukungu bw’igihugu, ahubwo no gushyiraho urufatiro rwiza rw’iterambere ry’inganda z’amavali zo mu Bushinwa mu gihe kizaza.
02 Inganda z'amavali zaratangiye
Mu 1953, igihugu cyanjye cyatangiye gahunda yacyo ya mbere y'imyaka itanu, kandi inganda nka peteroli, inganda zikora ibinyabutabire, ibyuma, ingufu z'amashanyarazi n'amakara byose byihutishije umuvuduko w'iterambere. Muri icyo gihe, gukenera ama-valve byariyongera. Muri icyo gihe, nubwo hari umubare munini w'inganda nto zikorera ama-valve, imbaraga zabo za tekiniki zari nke, ibikoresho byabo byari bishaje, inganda zabo zari zoroshye, ibipimo byabo byari bito cyane, kandi byari bitatanye cyane. Kugira ngo ubukungu bw'igihugu bugere ku byifuzo by'iterambere ryihuse, Minisiteri ya Mbere y'Inganda z'Imashini (yiswe Minisiteri ya Mbere y'Imashini) ikomeje kuvugurura no guhindura ibigo byigenga bya mbere no kwagura umusaruro w'ama-valve. Muri icyo gihe, hari gahunda n'intambwe zo kubaka ishingiro n'ama-valve y'ingenzi. Inganda z'ama-valve zo mu gihugu cyanjye zatangiye gutangira.
1. Ivugurura ry'inganda zikora valve zo mu rwego rwa kabiri i Shanghai
Nyuma y'ishingwa rya New China, Ishyaka ryashyize mu bikorwa politiki yo "gukoresha, kugabanya no guhindura" inganda n'ubucuruzi bya gikapitalisiti.
Byagaragaye ko hari inganda nto 60 cyangwa 70 zikora valve muri Shanghai. Inganda nini muri izi mashini zari zifite abantu hagati ya 20 na 30 gusa, naho ntoya yari ifite abantu bake gusa. Nubwo izi nganda zikora valve zikora valve, ikoranabuhanga ryazo n'imicungire yazo biri inyuma cyane, ibikoresho n'inyubako z'uruganda biroroshye, kandi uburyo bwo kuzikora bworoshye. Zimwe zifite imashini imwe cyangwa ebyiri zoroshye zikoresha imashini zikoresha umukandara, kandi hari amatanura amwe gusa yo gucukura, inyinshi muri zo zikoreshwa n'intoki. , nta bushobozi bwo gushushanya no gupima ibikoresho. Iki kibazo ntikibereye mu musaruro ugezweho, kandi ntigishobora kuzuza ibisabwa na leta mu musaruro, kandi ntibishoboka kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa bya valve. Ku bw'ibyo, Guverinoma y'abaturage ya Shanghai yagiranye ubufatanye n'inganda zikora valve muri Shanghai, inashyiraho Shanghai Pipeline Switches No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, No. 6 n'izindi nzego nkuru. Ukoresheje ikoranabuhanga n'ubuziranenge, ubuyobozi buhuriweho n'abantu benshi, buhuza imicungire itatanye kandi irangwa n'akajagari, bityo bigashishikariza cyane ishyaka ry'abakozi benshi mu kubaka gisosiyalisiti, iyi ni yo gahunda ya mbere ikomeye yo kuvugurura inganda z'inganda.
Nyuma y'ubufatanye bwa leta n'abikorera mu 1956, inganda z'amavalufe i Shanghai zavuguruwe bwa kabiri kandi zivugururwa mu nganda ku rwego runini, maze hashingwa amasosiyete y'umwuga nka Shanghai Construction Hardware Company, Petroleum Machinery Parts Manufacturing Company na General Machinery Company. Isosiyete y'amavalufe yari ifitanye isano n'inganda z'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi yashinze Yuanda, Rongfa, Zhongxin, Weiye, Jinlong, Zhao Yongda, Tongxin, Fuchang, Wang Yingqi, Yunchang, Dehe, Jinfa, na Xie ukurikije uturere. Hari inganda zigera kuri 20 zo hagati muri Dalian, Yuchang, Deda, n'ahandi. Buri ruganda rwo hagati rufite inganda nyinshi za satelite ziri munsi y'ubuyobozi bwarwo. Ishami ry'ishyaka n'urugaga rw'abakozi rwo hasi byashinzwe mu ruganda rwo hagati. Guverinoma yashyizeho intumwa za rubanda kuyobora imirimo y'ubuyobozi, kandi mu buryo bumwe yashyizeho ibigo by'ubucuruzi, ibicuruzwa, n'imari, kandi buhoro buhoro ishyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwo gucunga nk'uko bikorwa n'ibigo bya leta. Muri icyo gihe, agace ka Shenyang kandi kahuje inganda 21 nto muri Chengfa.Valve y'iremboUruganda. Kuva icyo gihe, leta yazanye umusaruro w'ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse mu igenamigambi ry'igihugu binyuze mu nzego z'ubuyobozi ku nzego zose, kandi yateguye kandi itunganya umusaruro w'ibicuruzwa. Iri ni impinduka mu micungire y'umusaruro w'ibigo by'ibicuruzwa kuva New China yashingwa.
2. Uruganda rw'imashini rusange rwa Shenyang rwahinduye imikorere y'ama-valve
Mu gihe cyo kuvugurura imikorere y’inganda zikora imashini zitunganya amapine i Shanghai, Ishami rya Mbere ry’Imashini ryagabanyije umusaruro w’ibicuruzwa bya buri ruganda rukorana narwo, kandi risobanura neza icyerekezo cy’umusaruro w’inganda zikorana narwo n’inganda nini za leta zo mu gace runaka. Uruganda Rukuru rw’Imashini rwa Shenyang rwahinduwe ikigo cy’umwuga cy’uruganda rukora imashini zitunganya amapine. Icyabanjirije uruganda ni ibiro by’ikigo cy’imari n’inganda z’Abayapani zikora imashini zitunganya amapine n’inganda z’imiyoboro. Nyuma yo gushinga New China, uruganda rwakoraga cyane cyane ibikoresho bitandukanye by’imashini n’imiyoboro. Mu 1953, rwatangiye gukora imashini zikora imbaho. Mu 1954, ubwo rwari ruyobowe n’Ibiro bya Mbere bya Minisiteri y’Imashini, rwari rufite abakozi 1.585 n’amatsinda 147 y’imashini n’ibikoresho bitandukanye. Kandi rufite ubushobozi bwo gukora ibyuma bikozwe mu cyuma, kandi imbaraga za tekiniki zirakomeye. Kuva mu 1955, kugira ngo ihuze n'iterambere ry'umugambi w'igihugu, byagaragaye ko yahinduye ikoreshwa mu gukora valve, yongera kubaka aho ibyuma byakozwe mbere, aho guteranya, ibikoresho, gusana imashini no gusuka ibyuma, yubaka aho gusuka no gusudira, inashyiraho laboratwari nkuru n'ikigo cyo kugenzura ibipimo. Bamwe mu batekinisiye bimuriwe mu ruganda rwa Shenyang Pump. Mu 1956, 837t yavalves zifite umuvuduko mukebyarakozwe, maze hatangira gukorwa imashini zipima umuvuduko mwinshi n'uringaniye. Mu 1959, imashini 4213t zakozwe, harimo imashini 1291t za imashini zipima umuvuduko mwinshi n'uringaniye. Mu 1962, yahinduriwe izina rya Shenyang High and Medium Pressure Valve Factory, iba imwe mu nganda nini cyane mu nganda zipima umuvuduko.
3. Indunduro ya mbere y'ikorwa ry'amavali
Mu ntangiriro z'ishingwa rya New China, umusaruro w'amavali y'igihugu cyanjye wakemuwe ahanini n'ubufatanye n'intambara. Mu gihe cya "Great Leap Forward", inganda z'amavali y'igihugu cyanjye zabonye umusaruro wa mbere. Umusaruro w'amavali: toni 387 mu 1949, toni 8126 mu 1956, toni 49746 mu 1959, inshuro 128.5 z'uwo mu 1949, n'inshuro 6.1 z'uwo mu 1956 ubwo ubufatanye bwa leta n'abikorera bwashingwaga. Umusaruro w'amavali y'umuvuduko mwinshi n'uw'ubushyuhe buciriritse watangiye nyuma, kandi umusaruro mwinshi watangiye mu 1956, umusaruro wa toni 175 ku mwaka. Mu 1959, umusaruro wageze kuri toni 1799, wari inshuro 10.3 z'uwo mu 1956. Iterambere ryihuse ry'ubwubatsi bw'ubukungu bw'igihugu ryateje imbere intambwe ikomeye mu nganda z'amavali. Mu 1955, uruganda rwa Shanghai Lianggong Valve rwagerageje neza gukora ivali y'igiti cya Noheli ya Yumen Oilfield; Shanghai Yuanda, Zhongxin, Weiye, Rongfa n'izindi nganda z'imashini zagerageje gukora ibyuma bikozwe mu buryo bw'igerageza, ibyuma bikozwe mu buryo bw'icyuma giciriritse n'igitutu kinini hamwe n'igitutu cyo hasi ku butaka bw'amavuta n'inganda z'ifumbire mvaruganda. Imashini zikoreshwa mu buryo bw'umuvuduko mwinshi wa PN160 na PN320; Uruganda rw'Imashini rwa Shenyang General Machinery na Suzhou Iron Factory (rwabanjirije uruganda rwa Suzhou Valve) zagerageje gukora imashini zikoreshwa mu buryo bw'umuvuduko mwinshi ku ruganda rw'ifumbire rwa Jilin Chemical Industry Corporation; Uruganda rw'Imashini rwa Shenyang Chengfa rwagerageje gukora imashini y'amashanyarazi ifite ingano ya DN3000. Yari yo mashini nini kandi iremereye cyane mu Bushinwa icyo gihe; Uruganda rw'Imashini rwa Shenyang General Machinery rwagerageje gukora imashini zikoreshwa mu buryo bw'umuvuduko mwinshi cyane zifite ingano ya DN3 ~ DN10 n'igitutu cyo hasi cya PN1500 ~ PN2000 ku gikoresho cyo gupima polyethylene gifite igitutu cyo hejuru; Uruganda rw'Imashini rwa Shanghai Daxin rwakoreye inganda z'ibyuma. Imashini ikoreshwa mu buryo bw'ubushyuhe bwinshi ifite ingano ya DN600 n'imashini ikoreshwa mu buryo bw'umuvuduko mwinshi wa DN900; Uruganda rwa Dalian Valve, uruganda rwa Wafangdian Valve, n'ibindi nabyo byageze ku iterambere ryihuse. Ubwiyongere bw'ubwoko n'ingano ya valve byateje imbere inganda za valve. Cyane cyane bitewe n'ibyo uruganda rwa "Great Leap Forward" rukeneye, inganda nto n'iziciriritse za valve zavutse hirya no hino mu gihugu. Mu 1958, ibigo by'igihugu bitunganya valve byari bifite hafi ijana, bishyiraho itsinda rinini rikora valve. Mu 1958, umusaruro wose wa valve wazamutse ugera kuri toni 24.163, kwiyongera kwa 80% ugereranyije na 1957; Muri iki gihe, umusaruro wa valve mu gihugu cyanjye wageze ku ndunduro yawo ya mbere. Ariko, bitewe n'itangizwa ry'abakora valve, byanazanye ibibazo byinshi. Urugero: gukurikirana ingano gusa, atari ubuziranenge; "gukora uburyo buto kandi bunini, bwo mu gace runaka", kutagira imiterere y'ikoranabuhanga; igishushanyo mu gihe ukora, kutagira ibitekerezo bisanzwe; gukoporora no gukoporora, biteza urujijo mu bya tekiniki. Bitewe na politiki zabo zitandukanye, buri imwe ifite ubwoko butandukanye. Amagambo y’imvange ntabwo ahuye ahantu hatandukanye, kandi igitutu cy’amazina n’ingano y’amazina ntabwo bihuye. Inganda zimwe zivuga ku mahame y’Abasoviyeti, izindi zivuga ku mahame y’Abayapani, izindi zivuga ku mahame y’Abanyamerika n’Abongereza. Urujijo rukomeye. Ku bijyanye n’ubwoko, ibisobanuro, ingano y’aho zihurira, uburebure bw’imiterere, imiterere y’ibizamini, amahame y’ibizamini, ibimenyetso by’irangi, imiterere n’imiti, n’ibipimo, n’ibindi. Amasosiyete menshi akoresha uburyo bwo guhuza bumwe bwo "guhuza umubare w’imyanya", ubwiza ntiburi bwemejwe, umusaruro nturi hejuru, kandi inyungu z’ubukungu ntizatejwe imbere. Icyo gihe ibintu byari "bitatanye, byuzuye akajagari, bike, kandi biri hasi", ni ukuvuga ko inganda za vange zari zikwirakwiriye hose, sisitemu yo gucunga akajagari, kutagira amahame n’ibipimo bya tekiniki bihuriweho, n’ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa buri hasi. Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, leta yahisemo gushyiraho abakozi babishinzwe kugira ngo bakore ubushakashatsi ku rwego rw’igihugu ku musaruro kuvalveinganda.
4. Ubushakashatsi bwa mbere ku rwego rw'igihugu ku musaruro w'amavali
Kugira ngo hamenyekane uko imashini zikora, mu 1958, Ibiro bya Mbere n'ibya Gatatu by'Ishami rya Mbere ry'Imashini byateguye ubushakashatsi ku rwego rw'igihugu ku ikorwa ry'imashini. Itsinda ry'iperereza ryagiye mu turere 4 n'imijyi 24 yo mu Majyaruguru y'Ubushinwa, mu Majyaruguru y'Ubushinwa, mu Burasirazuba bw'Ubushinwa no mu Majyepfo yo Hagati y'Ubushinwa kugira ngo rikore iperereza ryimbitse ku nganda 90 z'imashini zikora imashini. Ubu ni bwo bushakashatsi bwa mbere bw'imashini zikora i ...
Binyuze mu iperereza, ibibazo by'ingenzi biriho mu ikorwa ry'amavalufu byagaragaye muri rusange:
1) Kutagira igenamigambi rusange no kugabanya abakozi mu buryo bukwiye, bigatuma umusaruro ugaruka kandi bigira ingaruka ku bushobozi bw'umusaruro.
2) Amahame ngenderwaho y'ibicuruzwa bya valve ntabwo ahuriweho, ibyo bikaba byarateje imbogamizi zikomeye ku guhitamo no kubungabunga kw'umukoresha.
3) Ishingiro ry'imirimo yo gupima no kugenzura ni ribi cyane, kandi biragoye kwemeza ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa bya valve n'umusaruro mwinshi.
Mu gusubiza ibibazo byavuzwe haruguru, itsinda ry’iperereza ryashyize ingamba eshatu kuri za minisiteri n’ibigo, harimo gushimangira igenamigambi rusange, kugabana abakozi mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro, no gutegura uburinganire bw’umusaruro n’ibicuruzwa; gushimangira ubuziranenge n’imirimo yo kugenzura imiterere n’imiti, gushyiraho amahame y’imvange; no gukora ubushakashatsi ku igerageza. 1. Abayobozi b’Ibiro bya 3 bashyize ibi ku gaciro gakomeye. Mbere na mbere, bibanze ku mirimo yo gushyiraho ubuziranenge. Bahaye Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi ku Ikoranabuhanga mu by’Imashini cya Minisiteri ya Mbere y’Imashini inshingano zo gutegura abakora imvange bashinzwe gushyiraho amahame y’ibikoresho by’imiyoboro yatanzwe na Minisiteri, yashyizwe mu bikorwa mu 1961. Kugira ngo kiyobore igishushanyo mbonera cy’imvange cya buri ruganda, ikigo cyakusanyije kandi gicapa “Inyandiko y’Ibishushanyo mbonera bya buri ruganda”. Amahame agenga imvange yatanzwe na minisiteri ni ryo tsinda rya mbere ry’amahame agenga imvange mu gihugu cyanjye, kandi “Inyandiko y’Ibishushanyo mbonera bya Valves” ni yo makuru ya tekiniki ya mbere yakusanyijwe natwe ubwacu, yagize uruhare runini mu kunoza urwego rw’igishushanyo mbonera cy’ibicuruzwa by’imvange mu gihugu cyanjye. Binyuze muri ubu bushakashatsi bwakozwe mu gihugu hose, hagaragaye ipfundo ry’iterambere ry’inganda z’amavali mu gihugu cyanjye mu myaka 10 ishize, kandi hafashwe ingamba zifatika kandi zinoze kugira ngo hacibwe burundu ukwigana mu buryo butunguranye ikoreshwa ry’amavali no kutagira amahame ngenderwaho. Ikoranabuhanga mu gukora ryateye intambwe nini ritangira kwinjira mu cyiciro gishya cyo kwihangira no gutunganya umusaruro mwinshi.
03 Incamake
Kuva mu 1949 kugeza mu 1959, igihugu cyanjyevalveinganda zahise zongera kwiyubaka mu kajagari k'Ubushinwa bwa kera maze zitangira; kuva ku kubungabunga, kwigana kugeza ku kwikoreradGutegura no gukora, kuva ku gukora za valves zifite umuvuduko muto kugeza ku gukora za valves zifite umuvuduko mwinshi n'uringaniye, byabanje gushinga inganda zikora za valves. Ariko, bitewe n'iterambere ryihuse ry'umuvuduko w'umusaruro, hari n'ibibazo bimwe na bimwe. Kuva byashyirwa muri gahunda y'igihugu, munsi y'ubuyobozi bwa Minisiteri ya Mbere y'Imashini, icyateye ikibazo cyabonetse binyuze mu iperereza n'ubushakashatsi, kandi hafashwe ingamba zifatika kandi zinoze kugira ngo umusaruro wa valves uhuzwe n'umuvuduko w'iterambere ry'ubukungu bw'igihugu, no guteza imbere inganda za valves. Kandi gushinga amashyirahamwe y'inganda byashyizeho urufatiro rwiza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 27 Nyakanga-2022
