Abantu bakunze gutekereza kovalveby'icyuma kitagira ingese kandi ntibizagwa ingese. Iyo bibayeho, bishobora kuba ikibazo ku byuma. Iyi ni imyumvire idahwitse ku bijyanye no kudasobanukirwa iby'icyuma kitagira ingese, bishobora no kwagwa ingese mu bihe bimwe na bimwe.
Icyuma kidakoresha ifu gifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ogisijeni yo mu kirere—ni ukuvuga, kurwanya ingese, kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo kwangirika mu byuma birimo aside, alkali, n'umunyu—ni ukuvuga, kurwanya ingese. Ariko, ingano y'ubushobozi bwayo bwo kurwanya ingese irahinduka bitewe n'imiterere y'ibinyabutabire by'icyuma cyayo ubwacyo, imiterere y'uburinzi, imiterere y'ikoreshwa ryayo ndetse n'ubwoko bw'ibidukikije.
Ubusanzwe icyuma kidakoresha ifu kigabanyijemo ibice bikurikira:
Ubusanzwe, dukurikije imiterere ya metallographic, icyuma gisanzwe kidashonga kigabanyijemo ibice bitatu: icyuma kidashonga cya austenitic, icyuma kidashonga cya ferritic, n'icyuma kidashonga cya martensitic. Hashingiwe kuri izi nyubako eshatu z'ibanze za metallographic, ku mpamvu zihariye, ibyuma bifite intera ebyiri, ibyuma bidashonga bikomera mu mvura n'ibyuma bifite alloy nyinshi bifite icyuma kiri munsi ya 50%.
1. Icyuma kidasa neza cya Austenique.
Matrix yiganjemo imiterere ya austenite (CY phase) y’imiterere ya cubic crystal ishingiye ku maso, idakoresha magnetique, kandi ikomera cyane cyane kubera imikorere ikonje (kandi ishobora gutera imiterere imwe na imwe ya magnetique). Ikigo cy’Abanyamerika cy’Ibyuma n’Ibyuma kigenwa n’imibare iri mu ruhererekane rwa 200 na 300, nka 304.
2. Icyuma kidashonga cya Ferritic.
Matrix ni igengwa n'imiterere ya ferrite ((icyiciro) cy'imiterere ya cubic crystal ishingiye ku mubiri, ifite imbaraga za rukuruzi kandi muri rusange ntishobora gukomera hakoreshejwe ubushyuhe, ariko ishobora gukomezwa gato no gukora ubukonje. Ikigo cy'Abanyamerika cy'Ibyuma n'Ibyuma gifite 430 na 446.
3. Icyuma kidashonga cya Martensitic.
Matrix ni imiterere ya martensitic (kibe cyangwa kibe ishingiye ku mubiri), ifite imbaraga za rukuruzi, kandi imiterere yayo ya mekanike ishobora guhindurwa hakoreshejwe ubushyuhe. Ikigo cy’Abanyamerika cy’Ibyuma n’Ibyuma cyagenwe n’imibare 410, 420 na 440. Martensite ifite imiterere ya austenite ku bushyuhe bwinshi, kandi iyo ikonjeshejwe kugeza ku bushyuhe bw’icyumba ku gipimo gikwiye, imiterere ya austenite ishobora guhindurwa martensite (ni ukuvuga gukomera).
4. Icyuma kidashonga cya Austenitic-ferritic (duplex).
Matrix ifite imiterere ya austenite na ferrite ifite ibice bibiri, kandi ingano ya matrix ifite ibice bike muri rusange irenga 15%. Ni magnetique kandi ishobora gukomezwa no gukora mu buryo bukonje. 329 ni icyuma gisanzwe cya stainless steel gifite ibice bibiri. Ugereranyije n'icyuma cya austenite gifite ibice bibiri, icyuma gifite ibice bibiri gifite imbaraga nyinshi, kandi kurwanya ingese hagati y'udusimba na chloride stress corruption na pitting corruption byarushijeho kwiyongera cyane.
5. Icyuma gikomeza imvura.
Matrix ni imiterere ya austenite cyangwa martensitic kandi ishobora gukomera iyo imvura ikomeje kugwa. Ikigo cy’Abanyamerika gishinzwe ibyuma n’ibyuma gifite inomero 600, nka 630, ari yo 17-4PH.
Muri rusange, uretse aloyi, ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese bw'icyuma kidashonga cya austenitic ni bwiza cyane. Mu bidukikije bidashonga cyane, icyuma kidashonga cya ferritic gishobora gukoreshwa. Mu bidukikije bidashonga cyane, niba ibikoresho bikenewe kugira ngo bibe byinshi. Kugira ngo bikomere cyangwa bikomere cyane, icyuma kidashonga cya martensitic n'icyuma kidashonga cya fernitic gishobora gukomera mu gihe cy'imvura bishobora gukoreshwa.
Ingano n'imiterere bisanzwe by'icyuma kitagira umugese
01 304 Icyuma Kidafunze
Ni imwe mu byuma bitagira umugese bikoreshwa cyane kandi bikoreshwa cyane. Ikwiriye gukorwamo ibice bikururwa cyane n'imiyoboro ya aside, amakontena, ibice by'imiterere, ibikoresho bitandukanye, nibindi. Ishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho bidakoresha ingufu za rukuruzi, ubushyuhe buke n'igice.
02 304L Icyuma Kidafunze
Mu rwego rwo gukemura ikibazo cy’icyuma kidashonga cyane cyakozwe bitewe n’imvura ya Cr23C6 itera imiterere ikomeye ya 304 stainless steel mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, ubushobozi bwayo bwo kurwanya corruption hagati ya 304 ni bwiza cyane kuruta ubw’icyuma kidashonga cya 304. Uretse imbaraga nkeya, indi miterere ni imwe n’iy’icyuma kidashonga cya 321. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane ku bikoresho birwanya corruption n’ibice bidashobora kuvurwa nyuma yo gusudira, kandi ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho bitandukanye.
03 304H Icyuma Kidafunze
Ishami ry'imbere ry'icyuma kitagira umugese cya 304 rifite igice cy'uburemere bwa karuboni kingana na 0.04%-0.10%, kandi imikorere yacyo y'ubushyuhe bwinshi ni myiza kurusha icyuma kitagira umugese cya 304.
04 316 Icyuma Kidafunze
Kongeramo molybdenum hashingiwe ku cyuma cya 10Cr18Ni12 bituma icyuma kigira ubudahangarwa bwiza mu kugabanya ingese iri hagati n’iy’imyobo. Mu mazi yo mu nyanja no mu bindi bice bitandukanye, ubudahangarwa bw’imyobo ni bwiza kurusha icyuma cya 304 kidashonga, gikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bikoresho birwanya imyobo.
05 316L Icyuma kidasembuye
Icyuma cya karuboni nke cyane gifite ubudahangarwa bwiza bwo kwangirika hagati y’ibice by’ibumba kandi kibereye mu gukora ibice n’ibikoresho bifite ingano nini y’ibice, nk’ibikoresho birwanya kwangirika mu bikoresho bya peteroli.
06 316H Icyuma Kidafunze
Ishami ry'imbere ry'icyuma kitagira umugese cya 316 rifite igice cya karuboni kingana na 0.04%-0.10%, kandi imikorere yacyo y'ubushyuhe bwinshi ni myiza kurusha icyuma kitagira umugese cya 316.
07 317 Icyuma kidasesagura
Ubudahangarwa bw'ubukonje n'ubudahangarwa bw'ubukonje buruta icyuma cya 316L kidashonga, gikoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho birwanya ubukonje n'ubudahangarwa bw'ubukonje.
08 321 Icyuma Kidafunze
Icyuma cya austenitic cya austenitic gihamye cya titanium, cyongeramo titanium kugira ngo yongere ubudahangarwa hagati y’udukoko, kandi gifite imiterere myiza ya mekanike mu bushyuhe bwinshi, gishobora gusimburwa n’icyuma cya austenitic cya austenitic cya austenitic cya ultra-low carbon. Uretse mu bihe bidasanzwe nko kudahangarwa n’ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa hydrogen corruption, muri rusange ntibyemewe gukoreshwa.
09 347 Icyuma kidasesagura
Icyuma cya austenitic cya austenitic gihamye cya niobium, cyongeramo niobium kugira ngo cyongere ubudahangarwa hagati y’udukoko, ubudahangarwa mu byuma bya aside, alkali, umunyu n’ibindi bikoresho byangiza ni kimwe n’icyuma cya 321 cya stainless steel, gifite imikorere myiza yo gusudira, gishobora gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho birwanya ingese no kurwanya ingese. Icyuma gishyushye gikoreshwa cyane cyane mu ngufu z’ubushyuhe n’ibikomoka kuri peteroli, nko gukora ibikoresho, imiyoboro, imiyoboro y’ubushyuhe, imiyoboro, imiyoboro y’itanura mu itanura ry’inganda, na thermometer y’imiyoboro y’itanura.
Ibyuma 10 bya 904L bitaza umutako
Icyuma kidasa neza cya austenitic ni ubwoko bw'icyuma kidasa neza cya austenitic cyavumbuwe na OUTOKUMPU muri Finlande. , Gifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese mu bintu bidafite ogisijeni nka aside sulfurike, aside asetiki, aside formike na aside fosforike, kandi kinafite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese n'ingese. Kirakwiriye ahantu hatandukanye hafite aside sulfurike munsi ya dogere 70.°C, kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese muri aside asetiki na aside ivanze ya aside formike na aside asetiki ku gipimo icyo ari cyo cyose n'ubushyuhe buri munsi y'igitutu gisanzwe.
Icyuma kitagira umwanda cya 11 440C
Icyuma kidapfa cya Martensitic gifite ubukana bwinshi kurusha ibindi byuma bidapfa byangiritse n'ibyuma bidapfa byangiritse, gifite ubukana bwa HRC57. Gikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora imiyoboro, imiyoboro,ikinyugunyuguvalve amagufwa,ikinyugunyuguvalve intebe, amaboko,valve amashami, n'ibindi.
Ibyuma 12 bitagira umugese bya 17-4PH
Ibyuma bikomera bya Martensitic bifite ubukana bwa HRC44 bifite imbaraga nyinshi, ubukana n'ubudahangarwa bw'ingufu kandi ntibishobora gukoreshwa ku bushyuhe buri hejuru ya dogere 300°C. Irwanya ingese neza mu kirere kandi ikagira aside cyangwa umunyu uvanze. Irwanya ingese nk'uko ibyuma 304 bita stainless steel na 430 bita stainless steel bikoreshwa mu gukora ibyuma byo mu mazi, ibyuma bya turbine,ikinyugunyuguvalve (ibice by'imvange, intebe z'imvange, amaboko, inkingi z'imvange) wait.
In valve Igishushanyo n'uburyo bwo guhitamo, sisitemu zitandukanye, uruhererekane, n'ibipimo by'ibyuma bitarangwamo ifu bikunze guhura nabyo. Mu guhitamo, ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa mu buryo butandukanye nko mu buryo bwihariye bwo gutunganya, ubushyuhe, igitutu, ibice bikonje, ingese, n'igiciro.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 20 Nyakanga-2022
