Nkumushinga wanduye umwanda, umurimo wingenzi wigihingwa cyo kuvura imyanda ni ukureba ko effeol yujuje ibipimo. Ariko, hamwe nibipimo bikomeye byo gusohora no gukara byumunaniro wo kurinda ibidukikije, byazanye igitutu kinini mubihingwa bivura imyanda. Birakomeye rwose kandi bigoye kubona amazi.
Dukurikije icyerekezo cy'umwanditsi, impamvu itaziguye y'ingorabahizi mu kugera ku gipimo cy'amazi ni uko muri rusange hari uruziga rubi mu gihugu cyanjye.
Iya mbere ni uruziga rukabije rwibikorwa byoroheje (MLVSS / MLSS) no kwibanda cyane; Iya kabiri ni uruziga rukabije rwinini cyane yimiti ya fosifore yakoreshejwe, niko gusohora gusohora; Iya gatatu ni igihangano kirekire cyo kuvura ibikorwa biremereye, ibikoresho ntibishobora kurenganurwa, kwiruka nindwara umwaka wose, biganisha ku ruziga rukabije rwo kugabanya ubushobozi bwo kuvura imyanda.
#1
Uruziga rukomeye rwibikorwa byoroheje no kwibanda cyane
Porofeseri Wang Hongchen yakoze ubushakashatsi ku bimera 467 byambaye imyenda. Reka turebe amakuru yibikorwa byo guswera no kwibandaho: Muri ibi bihingwa 467, 61% byibiti byo kuvura imyanda bifite mlvss.
Guhitamo kwibanda kuri 2/3 byibiti byo kuvura imyanda birenga mg 4000
Ni izihe ngaruka zibintu byavuzwe haruguru (ibikorwa byo hasi, sludge yo hejuru)? Nubwo twabonye ingingo nyinshi za tekiniki isesengura ukuri, ariko muburyo bworoshye, hariho ingaruka imwe, ni ukuvuga ibisohoka mumazi birenze urugero.
Ibi birashobora gusobanurwa mubice bibiri. Ku ruhande rumwe, nyuma yo kwibanda kuri stantration iri hejuru, kugirango wirinde kwibeshya, birakenewe kongera aeration. Kongera uburyo bwa aeration ntibuzakumura amashanyarazi gusa, ahubwo nongera igice cyibinyabuzima. Kwiyongera kwa ogisijeni byashonze bizasakuza isoko ya karubone isabwa kubwo kwamagana no gucikamo ibice bya sisitemu y'ibinyabuzima, bikavamo gukabije n na P.
Kurundi ruhande, kwibanda cyane bituma inshinga y'amazi izamuka, kandi sludge irazimira byoroshye ikigega cya kabiri, kizabuza igice cyo kuvura cyangwa gutera ibipimo bya effelly na ss kurenza urugero.
Nyuma yo kuvuga ibyerekeye ingaruka, reka tuvuge impamvu ibimera byinshi byambaye imyanda bifite ikibazo cyo gucika intege gucibwamo hamwe no kwibanda kwibanda.
Mubyukuri, impamvu yo kwibanda cyane nuburyo bwo guswera. Kuberako ibikorwa byo guswera ari bike, kugirango bimure ingaruka zo kuvura, kwibanda kwibanda ku buryo bwo kwiyongera. Igikorwa gito cyo guswera giterwa nuko amazi akomeye arimo umucanga munini waciwe, yinjira mu ishami rishinzwe kuvura ibinyabuzima kandi ryinjiza buhoro buhoro, rigira ingaruka ku bikorwa bya mikorobe.
Hano hari imbaga nyinshi n'umucanga mumazi yinjira. Imwe ni uko ingaruka zifatanije za Grille zikennye cyane, kandi irindi ni uko ibirenze 90% byo kuvura imyanda mu gihugu cyanjye ntabwo byubatse tanks yibanze.
Abantu bamwe barashobora kubaza, kuki utakubaka ikigega cyibanze? Ibi bijyanye numuyoboro wumuyoboro. Hano haribibazo nko kudatabarya, guhuza bivanze, no kubura guhuza umuyoboro wumuyoboro mugihugu cyanjye. Nkigisubizo, ubwiza bwamazi bwamazi bwimyanda muri rusange bufite ibiranga bitatu: Ubushakashatsi bukomeye bwo kwibandaho (ISS), COD nkeya, C / N GETIO.
Kwibanda kuri solide idasanzwe mumazi akomeye ni menshi, ni ukuvuga ibirimo umucanga harimo hejuru. Mu ntangiriro, ikigega cy'ibanze gishobora kugabanya ibintu bimwe na bimwe, ariko kubera ko inkongi y'amazi akomeye ari make, ibiti byinshi byomesha gusa ntabwo byubaka ikigega cy'ibanze.
Mu isesengura ryanyuma, ibikorwa byo gucika intege ni umurage w "ibimera biremereye hamwe ninshundura zumucyo".
Twavuze ko kwibanda cyane hamwe nibikorwa bike bizaganisha ku gukabije n na p muri effeque. Muri iki gihe, ingamba zo gusubiza zibihingwa byinshi zometseho kugirango wongere amasoko ya karuboni na soorkling ya intomanic. Ariko, hiyongereyeho umubare munini wamasoko ya karuboni yo hanze azatera ubundi kwiyongera kubijyanye no gukoresha amashanyarazi, mugihe cyongeyeho ubwinshi bwibikorwa byo kwibandaho hamwe no kugabanya ibikorwa byo kwibandaho, gukora uruziga rukabije.
#2
Uruziga rukabije aho ingano nini yo gukuraho fosifore yakoreshejwe, umucyo wa sluege.
Gukoresha imiti yo gukuraho fosifore yongereye umusaruro wa slus kuri 20% kugeza 30%, cyangwa nibindi byinshi.
Ikibazo cya Sludge cyabaye impungenge zikomeye zibihingwa bivura imyanda, cyane cyane kubera ko nta nzira isohoka kugirango ikorwe, cyangwa inzira idahungabana. .
Ibi biganisha ku kurera imyaka yo guswera, bikaviramo ibintu byo gutontoma, ndetse nibidasanzwe bikabije nkibitotezo.
Kwaguka guswera bifite ibara ribi. Hamwe no gutakaza effluitent yo muri Tank ya Serivisi ya kabiri, ishami rishinzwe kuvura ryarahagaritswe, kandi ingano yamazi yinyuma yiyongera.
Ubwiyongere bw'amazi yinyuma azaganisha ku ngaruka ebyiri, imwe ni ukugabanya ingaruka zo kwivuza zigice cyabanjirije.
Umubare munini wamazi asubizwa muri tank ya Aeration, bigabanya igihe cyo kugabana hydraulic yigihe cyo kuvura imiterere kandi bigabanya ingaruka zo kuvura kwisumbuye;
Iya kabiri ni ukugabanya ingaruka zitunganya igice cyimbitse.
Kuberako amazi menshi yogosha agomba gusubizwa muburyo bwo kuvura bumaze kuvura, igipimo cyuzuye cyuzuye kandi ubushobozi bwuruhande bwagabanutse.
Ingaruka muri rusange ziba umukene, zishobora gutera fosiphorus yose hamwe na code mubidukikije kugirango urengere bisanzwe. Mu rwego rwo kwirinda kurenza urugero, igihingwa cyambaye imyanda kizongera gukoresha abakozi ba fosifore, bizarushaho kongera ubwinshi.
mu ruziga rukabije.
#3
Uruziga rukomeye rwigihe kirekire cyo gukata ibihingwa bya powe no kugabanya ubushobozi bwo kuvura imyanda
Kuvura imyanda biterwa nabantu gusa, ahubwo no kubikoresho.
Ibikoresho bya Sewage byarwaniraga kumurongo wimbere kugirango ubone amazi kuva kera. Niba bidasubirwaho buri gihe, ibibazo bizabaho vuba cyangwa nyuma. Ariko, mubihe byinshi, ibikoresho bya serwage ntibishobora gusanwa, kuko bimaze guhagarara, ibisohoka byamazi birashoboka kurenza bisanzwe. Muri sisitemu y'amanuka ya buri munsi, abantu bose ntibashobora kubigura.
Mu bihingwa 467 byo kuvura imijyi byasabwe na Porofeseri Wang Hongchen, hafi bibiri bya gatatu muri bo bikaba birengeje imitwaro ya hydraulic kurenza uko 80%, naho kimwe cya gatatu kirenze 150%.
Iyo igipimo cyimitwaro ya hydraulic kirenze 80%, usibye ibihingwa bike-bifatika bidashobora guhagarika amazi kugirango azenguruke ibipimo, kandi nta mazi yinyuma ya aerators na scrapent yo muri tanks. Ibikoresho byo hasi birashobora kuvugururwa rwose cyangwa gusimburwa iyo byumye.
Nukuvuga, hafi 2/3 byibiti bya kaburi ntibishobora gusana ibikoresho mugihe cyemeza ko effeluent yujuje ubuziranenge.
Nk'uko ubushakashatsi bwa Porofeseri Wang Hongchen, ubuzima bwa Aperan busanzwe ni imyaka 4-6, ariko 1/4 cy'ibiti byo gufata neza mu kirere ku bufatanye bw'umwuka ku burebure bumaze imyaka 6. Ibisimba byo mu byondo, bikaba bikeneye gusiba no gusanwa, muri rusange ntabwo byasanwe umwaka wose.
Ibikoresho byayoboye uburwayi igihe kirekire, kandi ubushobozi bwo kuvura amazi burakomeye kandi bubi. Kugirango uhangane nigitutu cyamazi, nta buryo bwo kubihagarika kubungabunga. Mu ruziga rukabije, hazabaho gahunda yo kuvura imyanda izasenyuka.
#4
Andika kurangiza
Nyuma yo kurengera ibidukikije muri politiki y'igihugu y'igihugu, amazi, gaze, ikomeye, ubutaka ndetse n'aho ihuriro ry'imyenda rishobora kuba umuyobozi. Urwego rudahagije, imikorere y'uruganda rwimyanda yaguye muri dilemma, kandi ikibazo cyumuyoboro wa pipeline na sludge byabaye amakosa abiri yingenzi yinganda zumutungo wanjye.
Noneho, igihe kirageze cyo gutanga amakosa.
Igihe cyagenwe: Gashyantare-23-2022
