Nka sosiyete ishinzwe kurwanya umwanda, umurimo wingenzi w’uruganda rutunganya imyanda ni ukureba niba imyanda yujuje ubuziranenge. Icyakora, hamwe n’ibipimo bigenda bisohora imyanda ndetse n’ubugizi bwa nabi bw’abashinzwe kurengera ibidukikije, byazanye igitutu kinini mu ruganda rutunganya imyanda. Nukuri birakomeye kandi bigoye kuvoma amazi.
Nk’uko umwanditsi abibona, impamvu itaziguye itera ingorane zo kugera ku gipimo cyo gusohora amazi ni uko muri rusange hari imiyoboro itatu mibi mu bimera by’igihugu cyanjye.
Iya mbere ni uruziga rukabije rwibikorwa byo hasi (MLVSS / MLSS) hamwe no kwibanda cyane; icya kabiri nuruziga rukabije rwinshi ingano yimiti ikuraho fosifore ikoreshwa, ibisohoka byinshi; icya gatatu ni uruganda rurerure rwo gutunganya imyanda Ibikorwa birenze urugero, ibikoresho ntibishobora kuvugururwa, bikorana nindwara umwaka wose, biganisha kumuzingi mubi wo kugabanya imyanda.
#1
Uruziga rukabije rwibikorwa byo hasi no kwibanda cyane
Porofeseri Wang Hongchen yakoze ubushakashatsi ku bimera 467. Reka turebere hamwe amakuru yibikorwa byumwanda hamwe nubushuhe bwamazi: Muri ibyo bimera 467, 61% byinganda zitunganya imyanda bifite MLVSS / MLSS munsi ya 0.5, hafi 30% yibiti bitunganya bifite MLVSS / MLSS munsi ya 0.4.
Ubwinshi bwimyanda ya 2/3 byinganda zitunganya imyanda irenga 4000 mg / L, imyanda ya 1/3 cyibiti bitunganya imyanda irenga 6000 mg / L, naho imyanda y’ibiti 20 bitunganya imyanda irenga 10000 mg / L .
Ni izihe ngaruka ziterwa n'ibihe byavuzwe haruguru (ibikorwa byo gutembera hasi, kwibanda cyane)? Nubwo twabonye ingingo nyinshi za tekiniki zisesengura ukuri, ariko mumagambo yoroshye, hari ingaruka imwe, ni ukuvuga ko amazi arenze urugero.
Ibi birashobora gusobanurwa mubice bibiri. Ku ruhande rumwe, nyuma yo kwibumbira hamwe ni byinshi, kugirango wirinde gutemba, birakenewe kongera aeration. Kongera umubare wa aeration ntabwo bizongera ingufu zikoreshwa gusa, ahubwo bizongera igice cyibinyabuzima. Ubwiyongere bwa ogisijeni yashonze bizanyaga isoko ya karubone isabwa kugirango denitrification, izagira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye no gukuraho fosifore ya sisitemu y’ibinyabuzima, bikavamo N na P.
Ku rundi ruhande, ubwinshi bw’imyanda ituma intera y’amazi y’amazi izamuka, kandi isuka ikabura byoroshye hamwe n’amazi y’ikigega cya kabiri cy’imyanda, kizahagarika ishami ry’ubuvuzi ryateye imbere cyangwa bigatuma COD na SS zisohoka zirenga kuri bisanzwe.
Nyuma yo kuvuga ku ngaruka zabyo, reka tuvuge impamvu ibihingwa byinshi byanduye bifite ikibazo cyibikorwa bito bito hamwe nubushakashatsi bwinshi.
Mubyukuri, impamvu yo guhundagurika cyane nigikorwa cyo hasi. Kuberako ibikorwa byo kumeneka ari bike, kugirango tunonosore ingaruka zo kuvura, kwibumbira hamwe bigomba kwiyongera. Igikorwa gito cyo kumeneka giterwa nuko amazi akomeye arimo umucanga mwinshi wa slag, winjira murwego rwo kuvura ibinyabuzima kandi ukegeranya buhoro buhoro, bigira ingaruka kumikorere ya mikorobe.
Hano hari ibishanga byinshi n'umucanga mumazi yinjira. Imwe ni uko ingaruka zo gufata grille ari mbi cyane, naho izindi ni uko hejuru ya 90% y’inganda zitunganya imyanda mu gihugu cyanjye zitigeze zubaka ibigega by’ibanze.
Abantu bamwe barashobora kubaza, kuki utubaka ikigega cyibanze? Ibi bijyanye numuyoboro. Hano haribibazo nko guhuza nabi, guhuza kuvanga, no kubura guhuza umuyoboro wa pipe mugihugu cyanjye. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ubwiza bw’amazi y’ibiti by’imyanda muri rusange bifite ibintu bitatu biranga: kwibumbira hamwe cyane (ISS), COD nkeya, C / N.
Ubwinshi bwibintu bidafite ingufu mu mazi akomeye ni byinshi, ni ukuvuga ko umucanga uri hejuru. Mu ntangiriro, ikigega cyibanze cyimyanda gishobora kugabanya ibintu bimwe na bimwe bidafite umubiri, ariko kubera ko COD yamazi akomeye ari make, ibihingwa byinshi byimyanda gusa Ntukubake ikigega cyibanze.
Mu isesengura rya nyuma, ibikorwa byo kumeneka ni umurage w "ibimera biremereye ninshundura".
Twavuze ko kwibumbira hamwe no gukora bike bizaganisha kuri N na P birenze urugero. Muri iki gihe, ingamba zo gusubiza ibihingwa byinshi byangiza imyanda ni ukongeramo amasoko ya karubone hamwe n’ibimera bidafite umubiri. Nyamara, kwiyongera kwinshi kwamasoko ya karubone yo hanze bizatuma habaho kwiyongera kwingufu zikoreshwa mumashanyarazi, mugihe iyongerwaho ryinshi rya flocculant rizabyara imiti myinshi ya chimique, bikaviramo kwiyongera kwimyanda hamwe nibindi kugabanuka mubikorwa bya silige, gukora uruziga rukabije.
#2
Uruziga rubi aho ubwinshi bwimiti ikuraho fosifore ikoreshwa, niko umusaruro mwinshi.
Imikoreshereze yimiti ikuraho fosifore yongereye umusaruro wa siliy 20% kugeza 30%, cyangwa nibindi byinshi.
Ikibazo cyumwanda kimaze imyaka myinshi gihangayikishije ibihingwa bitunganya imyanda, cyane cyane ko ntaburyo bwo gusohoka, cyangwa inzira yo gusohoka idahungabana. .
Ibi biganisha ku kuramba kwimyaka ya silige, bikavamo phenomenon yo gusaza kwa silige, ndetse nibindi bidasanzwe bidasanzwe nkibibyimba byinshi.
Umuyoboro wagutse ufite flocculation mbi. Hamwe no gutakaza imyanda iva mu kigega cya kabiri cy’imyanda, ishami rishinzwe kuvura ryarahagaritswe, ingaruka zo kuvura ziragabanuka, n’amazi yo gusubiza inyuma ariyongera.
Ubwiyongere bw'amazi yo gusubira inyuma bizatera ingaruka ebyiri, imwe ni ukugabanya ingaruka zo kuvura igice cyibinyabuzima kibanziriza iki.
Umubare munini wamazi yinyuma asubizwa mukigega cya aeration, kigabanya igihe nyacyo cyo kugumana hydraulic yububiko kandi bikagabanya ingaruka zo kuvura kwa kabiri;
Iyakabiri nugukomeza kugabanya ingaruka zo gutunganya ibice byimbitse.
Kuberako umubare munini wamazi yo gukaraba agomba gusubizwa murwego rwo hejuru rwo gutunganya filtration, igipimo cyo kuyungurura kiriyongera kandi ubushobozi bwo kuyungurura buragabanuka.
Ingaruka rusange yo kuvura iba mibi, ishobora gutera fosifore yose hamwe na COD mumazi arenze urugero. Mu rwego rwo kwirinda kurenga ibisanzwe, uruganda rw’imyanda ruzongera ikoreshwa ry’imiti ikuraho fosifore, bizarushaho kongera ubwinshi bw’amazi.
muruziga rukabije.
#3
Uruziga rukabije rwumwanya muremure wibihingwa byimyanda kandi bigabanya ubushobozi bwo gutunganya imyanda
Gutunganya imyanda ntibiterwa n'abantu gusa, ahubwo biterwa nibikoresho.
Ibikoresho by'imyanda bimaze igihe kinini birwanira kumurongo wambere wo gutunganya amazi. Niba idasanwa buri gihe, ibibazo bizatinda vuba cyangwa vuba. Nyamara, mubihe byinshi, ibikoresho byumwanda ntibishobora gusanwa, kuko iyo ibikoresho runaka bimaze guhagarara, amazi ashobora kuba arenze igipimo. Muri gahunda yo gucibwa amande ya buri munsi, buriwese ntashobora kubigura.
Mu bihingwa 467 byo gutunganya imyanda yo mu mijyi byakoreweho ubushakashatsi na Porofeseri Wang Hongchen, hafi bibiri bya gatatu muri byo bifite umuvuduko w’amazi arenga 80%, hafi kimwe cya gatatu kirenga 120%, naho inganda 5 zitunganya imyanda zirenga 150%.
Iyo umuvuduko wa hydraulic urenze 80%, usibye ibihingwa bike bitunganya amazi mabi cyane, inganda rusange zitunganya imyanda ntizishobora guhagarika amazi kugirango zibungabunge hashingiwe ko imyanda igera kubipimo, kandi ntamazi wongeyeho. kuri moteri hamwe na tanki ya kabiri yo guswera hamwe na scrapers. Ibikoresho byo hasi birashobora kuvugururwa rwose cyangwa gusimburwa iyo byumye.
Ni ukuvuga ko hafi 2/3 by'ibihingwa byanduye bidashobora gusana ibikoresho hashingiwe ku kwemeza ko imyanda yujuje ubuziranenge.
Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Porofeseri Wang Hongchen bubitangaza, igihe ubuzima bw’indege bumara imyaka 4-6, ariko 1/4 cy’imyanda itwara imyanda ntabwo imaze imyaka 6 ikora ibikorwa byo guhumeka ikirere. Icyuma gisakaye, gikeneye gusibwa no gusanwa, muri rusange ntabwo gisanwa umwaka wose.
Ibikoresho bimaze igihe kinini bifite uburwayi, kandi ubushobozi bwo gutunganya amazi buragenda bwiyongera. Kugirango uhangane n’umuvuduko w’amazi, nta buryo bwo kuyihagarika kugirango ibungabunge. Muri uruziga rubi, hazajya habaho uburyo bwo gutunganya imyanda izahura no gusenyuka.
#4
andika kurangiza
Nyuma yo kurengera ibidukikije bimaze gushyirwaho nka politiki y’ibanze y’igihugu cyanjye, imirima y’amazi, gaze, ikomeye, ubutaka n’ubundi buryo bwo kurwanya umwanda byateye imbere byihuse, aho hashobora kuvugwa ko urwego rwo gutunganya imyanda ari rwo ruyobora. Urwego rudahagije, imikorere y’uruganda rw’imyanda yaguye mu gihirahiro, kandi ikibazo cy’umuyoboro w’imiyoboro n’umwanda cyabaye amakosa abiri akomeye y’inganda zitunganya imyanda mu gihugu cyanjye.
Noneho, igihe kirageze cyo gukemura ibitagenda neza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-23-2022
