Bitewe ningamba za “dual carbone”, inganda nyinshi zashizeho inzira isobanutse yo kubungabunga ingufu no kugabanya karubone. Kumenyekanisha kutabogama kwa karubone ntaho bitandukaniye no gukoresha tekinoroji ya CCUS. Porogaramu yihariye ya tekinoroji ya CCUS ikubiyemo gufata karubone, gukoresha karubone no kubika, nibindi. Uru ruhererekane rwikoranabuhanga rusanzwe rurimo guhuza valve. Duhereye ku nganda zijyanye no gushyira mu bikorwa, iterambere ry'ejo hazaza Icyizere gikwiye kwitabwahoindangainganda.
1.Icyerekezo cya CCUS hamwe ninganda zinganda
Igitekerezo cya A.CCUS
CCUS irashobora kuba itamenyerewe cyangwa niyo itamenyerewe kubantu benshi. Kubwibyo, mbere yuko dusobanukirwa ingaruka za CCUS ku nganda za valve, reka twigire hamwe CCUS hamwe. CCUS ni impfunyapfunyo y'Icyongereza (Gufata Carbone, Gukoresha no Kubika)
Urunigi rwa B.CCUS.
Uruganda rwose rwa CCUS rugizwe ahanini nuburyo butanu: isoko y’ibisohoka, gufata, gutwara, gukoresha no kubika, nibicuruzwa. Amahuriro atatu yo gufata, gutwara, gukoresha no kubika bifitanye isano ya hafi ninganda za valve.
2. Ingaruka za CCUS kuriindangantegoinganda
Bitewe no kutabogama kwa karubone, ishyirwa mubikorwa ryo gufata karubone no kubika karubone muri peteroli, ingufu zumuriro, ibyuma, sima, icapiro nizindi nganda hepfo yinganda za valve bizagenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro, kandi bizerekana ibintu bitandukanye. Inyungu zinganda zizasohoka buhoro buhoro, kandi tugomba kwita cyane kubikorwa byiterambere. Ibikenerwa na valve mu nganda eshanu zikurikira biziyongera cyane.
A. Icyifuzo cyinganda zikomoka kuri peteroli nizo zambere zigaragaza
Biteganijwe ko mu gihugu cyanjye icyifuzo cyo kugabanya ibyuka bikomoka kuri peteroli mu mwaka wa 2030 ari toni zigera kuri miliyoni 50, kandi kizagenda kigabanuka kugeza kuri 0 mu 2040. Kubera ko inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli n’imiti n’ibice nyamukuru bikoreshwa mu gukoresha dioxyde de carbone, kandi ifatwa ry’ingufu nkeya, amafaranga y’ishoramari n’ibikorwa byo kubungabunga ni bike, ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga rya CUSS ryabaye irya mbere mu guteza imbere uru rwego. Mu 2021, Sinopec izatangira kubaka umushinga wa toni miliyoni ya mbere y’Ubushinwa CCUS, umushinga wa Qilu Petrochemical-Shengli Oilfield CCUS. Umushinga nurangira, uzaba ikigo kinini cya CCUS cyerekana inganda mu Bushinwa. Amakuru yatanzwe na Sinopec yerekana ko ingano ya dioxyde de carbone yafashwe na Sinopec mu 2020 igeze kuri toni miliyoni 1.3, muri zo toni 300.000 zizakoreshwa mu mwuzure w’amavuta, ibyo bikaba byageze ku musaruro mwiza mu kuzamura peteroli ya peteroli no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya.
B. Ibisabwa mu nganda z’amashanyarazi biziyongera
Ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze ubu, icyifuzo cy’ibicuruzwa mu nganda z’amashanyarazi, cyane cyane inganda z’amashyanyarazi, ntabwo ari kinini cyane, ariko kubera igitutu cy’ingamba za “karuboni ebyiri”, umurimo wo kutabogama kwa karubone w’amashanyarazi akoreshwa n’amakara ugenda urushaho kuba ingorabahizi. Dukurikije ibiteganijwe mu bigo bireba: biteganijwe ko amashanyarazi mu gihugu cyanjye aziyongera agera kuri tiriyari 12-15 mu mwaka wa 2050, naho toni miliyari 430-1,64 za dioxyde de carbone zigomba kugabanywa hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rya CCUS kugira ngo imyuka ihumanya ikirere muri sisitemu y’amashanyarazi. Niba uruganda rukora amakara rwashyizweho na CCUS, rushobora gufata 90% byuka byangiza imyuka ya karubone, bigatuma ikoranabuhanga rike rya karuboni nkeya. Porogaramu ya CCUS nuburyo bukuru bwa tekiniki bwo kumenya guhinduka kwa sisitemu yingufu. Kuri iki kibazo, icyifuzo cya valve cyatewe no gushyiraho CCUS kiziyongera cyane, kandi n’ibisabwa ku isoko ry’amashanyarazi, cyane cyane isoko ry’amashanyarazi, bizerekana iterambere rishya, rikwiye kwitabwaho n’inganda z’inganda.
C. Inganda zikoreshwa mu byuma n’ibyuma biziyongera
Biteganijwe ko icyifuzo cyo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mu 2030 kizaba toni miliyoni 200 kugeza kuri toni miliyoni 050 ku mwaka. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko usibye gukoresha no kubika dioxyde de carbone mu nganda zibyuma, irashobora no gukoreshwa muburyo bwo gukora ibyuma. Gukoresha neza ubwo buryo bwikoranabuhanga birashobora kugabanya imyuka ihumanya 5% -10%. Duhereye kuri iyi ngingo, icyifuzo cya valve gikenewe mu nganda zibyuma kizahinduka gishya, kandi icyifuzo kizerekana iterambere rikomeye.
D. Inganda za sima ziziyongera cyane
Biteganijwe ko icyifuzo cyo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mu 2030 kizaba toni miliyoni 100 kugeza kuri toni miliyoni 152 ku mwaka, naho icyifuzo cyo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mu 2060 kikaba toni miliyoni 190 kugeza kuri toni miliyoni 210 ku mwaka. Dioxyde de carbone ikorwa no kubora kwa hekeste mu nganda za sima bingana na 60% by’ibyuka bihumanya byose, bityo CCUS nuburyo bukenewe kugirango decarbonisation yinganda za sima.
E. Inganda zikoresha ingufu za hydrogène zizakoreshwa cyane
Gukuramo hydrogène yubururu muri metani muri gaze karemano bisaba gukoresha umubare munini wa valve, kubera ko ingufu zafashwe mugikorwa cyo kubyara CO2, gufata karubone no kubika (CCS) birakenewe, kandi kohereza no kubika bisaba gukoresha umubare munini wa valve.
3. Ibyifuzo byinganda za valve
CCUS izaba ifite umwanya mugari witerambere. Nubwo ihura ningorane zitandukanye, mugihe kirekire, CCUS izaba ifite umwanya mugari witerambere, ntagushidikanya. Inganda za valve zigomba gukomeza gusobanukirwa neza no kwitegura bihagije mubitekerezo. Birasabwa ko inganda za valve zikoresha cyane inganda zijyanye na CCUS
A. Gira uruhare rugaragara mumishinga yo kwerekana CCUS. Kugirango umushinga CCUS ushyirwa mubikorwa mubushinwa, inganda zinganda za valve zigomba kugira uruhare rugaragara mugushyira mubikorwa umushinga mubijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga n'ubushakashatsi ku bicuruzwa n'iterambere, gukusanya uburambe mu nzira yo kugira uruhare mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'umushinga, no gukora imyiteguro ihagije ku musaruro munini uza gukurikiraho no guhuza valve. Ikoranabuhanga, impano nububiko bwibicuruzwa.
B. Wibande kumiterere yinganda za CCUS. Wibande ku nganda zikoresha ingufu z’amakara aho ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga rya Carbone mu Bushinwa rikoreshwa cyane cyane, n’inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli aho ububiko bwa geologiya bwibanda cyane ku gukoresha indangagaciro z’umushinga wa CCUS, no kohereza imyanda mu turere izo nganda ziherereyemo, nko mu kibaya cya Ordos n’ikibaya cya Junggar-Tuha, n’ahantu hakorerwa amakara. Ikibaya cya Bohai n'ikibaya cy'Uruzi rwa Pearl, kikaba ari uduce tw’ibikomoka kuri peteroli na gaze, bashyizeho umubano w’ubufatanye n’inganda zibishinzwe kugira ngo babone ayo mahirwe.
C. Tanga inkunga y'amafaranga kubijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga n'ubushakashatsi ku bicuruzwa no guteza imbere indangagaciro z'umushinga CCUS. Kugirango dufate iyambere murwego rwa valve rwimishinga ya CCUS mugihe kiri imbere, birasabwa ko amasosiyete yinganda yashyira amafaranga runaka mubushakashatsi niterambere, akanatanga inkunga kumushinga wa CCUS mubijyanye nubushakashatsi niterambere ryikoranabuhanga, kugirango habeho ibidukikije byiza byerekana imiterere yinganda za CCUS.
Muri make, ku nganda za CCUS, birasabwa koindangantegoinganda zumva neza impinduka nshya zinganda zishingiye ku ngamba za “dual-carbone” n'amahirwe mashya yo kwiteza imbere azana nayo, kugendana n'ibihe, no kugera ku majyambere mashya mu nganda!
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-26-2022
