Incamake
Valveni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu mashini rusange. Ishyirwa ku miyoboro cyangwa ibikoresho bitandukanye kugira ngo igenzure urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi binyuze mu guhindura agace k'umuyoboro muri valve. Imirimo yayo ni: guhuza cyangwa gukata urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi, kubuza urujya n'uruza gusubira inyuma, guhindura ibipimo nk'umuvuduko n'amazi biri hagati, guhindura icyerekezo cy'urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi, kugabanya urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi cyangwa kurinda imiyoboro n'ibikoresho kugira ngo bidatwarwa n'umuvuduko ukabije, n'ibindi.
Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibicuruzwa bya valve, bigabanyijemovalve y'irembo, valve y'isi yose,valve yo kugenzura, valve y'umupira,valve y'ikinyugunyugu, valve ikoresha plug, valve ya diaphragm, valve y'umutekano, valve igenzura (valve yo kugenzura), valve yo kugosora, valve igabanya umuvuduko n'imitego, nibindi; Dukurikije ibikoresho, igabanyijemo umuringa, icyuma gishongeshejwe, icyuma cya karuboni, icyuma cya alloy, icyuma cya austenitic, icyuma cya ferritic-austenitic gifite ibice bibiri, alloy ishingiye kuri nickel, alloy ya titanium, pulasitiki y'ubuhanga n'avalve za ceramic, nibindi. Byongeye kandi, hari valve zidasanzwe nka valves zikoresha umuvuduko mwinshi cyane, valves zikoresha vacuum, valves za sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi, valves z'imiyoboro n'imiyoboro, valves z'inganda za kirimbuzi, valves z'ubwato n'avalve za cryogenic. Urutonde runini rw'ibipimo bya valve, ingano y'izina kuva kuri DN1 (igice muri mm) kugeza kuri DN9750; igitutu cy'izina kuva kuri ultra-vacuum ya 1× 10-10 mmHg (1mmHg = 133.322Pa) kugeza ku gitutu kiri hejuru cyane cya PN14600 (igice cya 105 Pa); Ubushyuhe bw'akazi buri hagati y'ubushyuhe buri hasi cyane bwa -269℃kugeza ku bushyuhe buri hejuru cyane bwa dogere 1200℃.
Ibikoresho bya valve zikoreshwa cyane mu nzego zitandukanye z'ubukungu bw'igihugu, nka peteroli, gaze karemano, sisitemu zo gutunganya no gutunganya peteroli na gaze no gutwara imiyoboro, ibikomoka ku binyabutabire, imiti n'ibiryo, ingufu z'amazi, ingufu z'ubushyuhe n'ingufu za kirimbuzi; Ubwoko butandukanye bw'udupfundikizo bukoreshwa cyane mu buryo bushyuha n'ingufu, sisitemu zikora ibyuma, sisitemu zikora amazi ku bwato, imodoka, indege n'imashini zitandukanye za siporo, ndetse no mu buryo bwo kuhira no kuvomerera amazi mu mirima. Byongeye kandi, mu rwego rw'ikoranabuhanga rishya nko kurinda no gutwara indege, udupfundikizo dutandukanye dufite imiterere yihariye natwo turakoreshwa.
Ibicuruzwa bya vali bigizwe n'ibicuruzwa byinshi bya mekanike. Dukurikije imibare y'ibihugu by'amahanga byateye imbere, agaciro k'ibicuruzwa bya vali kangana na 5% by'agaciro k'umusaruro w'inganda zose z'imashini. Dukurikije imibare, uruganda rusanzwe rukora ingufu za kirimbuzi rugizwe na miliyoni ebyiri za kilowati rufite vali zigera ku 28.000 zihuriweho, muri zo zigera ku 12.000 ni vali za kirimbuzi. Urugo runini rwa peteroli rugezweho rusaba vali ibihumbi amagana zitandukanye, kandi ishoramari muri vali muri rusange ringana na 8% kugeza 10% by'ishoramari ryose mu bikoresho.
Imiterere rusange y'inganda za valve mu Bushinwa bwa kera
01 Aho inganda z'inganda zikora valve mu Bushinwa zavukiye: Shanghai
Mu Bushinwa bwa kera, Shanghai ni ho hambere hakozwe vali mu Bushinwa. Mu 1902, Pan Shunji Copper Workshop, iherereye kuri Wuchang Road, mu Karere ka Hongkou, muri Shanghai, yatangiye gukora robine ntoya z'amatiyo y'icyayi n'intoki. Robine y'amatiyo y'icyayi ni ubwoko bwa copper cock. Ni yo nganda ya mbere mu Bushinwa izwi kugeza ubu. Mu 1919, Deda (Shengji) Hardware Factory (yabanjirije Shanghai Transmission Machinery Factory Factory) yatangiye igare rito maze itangira gukora cobine ntoya z'umuringa, vali z'isi, vali z'amarembo n'amazi y'umuriro. Gukora vali z'icyuma byatangiye mu 1926, zifite ingano ntarengwa ya NPS6 (muri santimetero, NPS1 = DN25.4). Muri icyo gihe, inganda z'ibikoresho nka Wang Yingqiang, Dahua, Lao Demao na Maoxu nazo zarafunguye kugira ngo zikore vali. Nyuma y’ibyo, bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’abashaka ama-valve y’amazi ku isoko, izindi nganda z’ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi, inganda z’ibyuma, inganda zikora imicanga n’inganda zikora imashini zafunguwe kugira ngo zikore ama-valve imwe imwe.
Itsinda rikora valve ryashinzwe mu duce twa Zhonghongqiao, Waihongqiao, Daming Road na Changzhi Road mu Karere ka Hongkou, muri Shanghai. Icyo gihe, ibirango byagurishijwe cyane ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu byari “Horse Head”, “Three 8″, “Three 9″, “Double Coin”, “Iron Anchor”, “Chicken Ball” na “Eagle Ball”. Ibikoresho bya valve by’umuringa n’icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu muvuduko muto bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora valves z’amazi mu nyubako no mu by’isuku, kandi valve nke z’icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma nazo zikoreshwa mu nganda z’imyenda yoroheje. Izi nganda ni nto cyane, zifite ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, ibikoresho byoroshye by’inganda n’umusaruro muke wa valves, ariko ni zo nganda za mbere z’Ubushinwa zikora valves. Nyuma, nyuma yo gushinga Ishyirahamwe ry’ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi rya Shanghai, aba bakinnyi ba valves binjiye muri iryo shyirahamwe umwe umwe maze baba abanyamuryango b’itsinda ry’imiyoboro y’amazi.
02 Inganda ebyiri nini zikora valve
Mu ntangiriro za 1930, uruganda rwa Shanghai Shenhe Machinery rwakoze valves z’icyuma zikoresha umuvuduko muto munsi ya NPS12 zo gukora imirimo y’amazi. Mu 1935, uruganda rwashinze ubufatanye n’uruganda rwa Xiangfeng Iron Pipe Factory n’abanyamigabane ba Xiangtai Iron Co., Ltd. kugira ngo bubake uruganda rwa Daxin Iron Factory (rwabanjirije uruganda rwa Shanghai Bikingcycle Factory), mu 1936 rwuzuye kandi rushyirwa mu bikorwa, rufite abakozi bagera ku 100, hamwe na zhang 2.6 (zhang 1) zatumijwe mu mahanga.≈3.33m) ibikoresho byo guterura n'ibyo guterura, ahanini bikorerwa ibikoresho by'inganda n'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, imiyoboro y'amazi y'icyuma gishongeshejwe n'ibyuma bishongeshejwe, ingano y'agace k ...
Mu 1935, abanyamigabane batanu barimo Li Chenghai, umucuruzi w’igihugu, bafatanyije gushinga uruganda rwa Shenyang Chengfa Iron Factory (rwabanjirije uruganda rwa Tieling Valve) ku muhanda wa Shishiwei, Akarere ka Nancheng, Umujyi wa Shenyang. Gusana no gukora valve. Mu 1939, uruganda rwimuriwe ku muhanda wa Beierma, Akarere ka Tiexi kugira ngo rwagurwe, maze hubakwa utuzu tubiri tunini two gucukura no gukora imashini. Mu 1945, rwari rumaze gukura rugera ku bakozi 400, kandi ibicuruzwa byarwo by'ingenzi byari: amabati manini, valve z'umuringa, na valve z'icyuma zo munsi y'ubutaka zifite ingano iri munsi ya DN800. Shenyang Chengfa Iron Factory ni uruganda rukora valves ruharanira kubaho mu Bushinwa bwa kera.
03 Inganda zikora valve inyuma
Mu gihe cy'Intambara yo Kurwanya Ubuyapani, ibigo byinshi byo muri Shanghai n'ahandi byimukiye mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba, bityo umubare w'ibigo byo muri Chongqing n'ahandi mu gace k'inyuma wariyongereye, maze inganda zitangira gutera imbere. Mu 1943, uruganda rw'imashini rwa Chongqing Hongtai n'uruganda rw'imashini rwa Huachang (zombi zari izabanjirije uruganda rwa Chongqing Valve) zatangiye gusana no gukora ibice by'amazi n'ibyuma bikoresha umuvuduko muto, byagize uruhare runini mu guteza imbere umusaruro w'intambara mu gice cy'inyuma no gukemura ibibazo by'abasivili. Nyuma y'intsinzi y'Intambara yo Kurwanya Ubuyapani, uruganda rwa Lisheng Hardware, ishyirahamwe ry'inganda rya Zhenxing, uruganda rw'ibikoresho rwa Jinshunhe n'uruganda rwa Qiyi Hardware byafunguwe bikurikiranye kugira ngo bikore ibikoresho bito. Nyuma yo gushinga New China, izi nganda zahujwe n'uruganda rwa Chongqing Valve.
Muri icyo gihe, bamweabakora valveI Shanghai na ho bagiye muri Tianjin, Nanjing na Wuxi kubaka inganda zo gusana no gukora ama-valve. Zimwe mu nganda z'ibikoresho, inganda z'imiyoboro y'icyuma, inganda z'imashini cyangwa inganda z'amato muri Beijing, Dalian, Changchun, Harbin, Anshan, Qingdao, Wuhan, Fuzhou na Guangzhou nazo zagiye zikora imirimo yo gusana no gukora ama-valve amwe n'amwe y'amazi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 21 Nyakanga-2022
