Amateka yiterambere ryinganda zubushinwa (1)

Incamake

Agacironigicuruzwa cyingenzi mumashini rusange. Yashizwe kumiyoboro itandukanye cyangwa ibikoresho kugirango igenzure imigendekere yimikorere muguhindura umuyoboro wa valve muri valve. Inshingano zayo ni: guhuza cyangwa guca hagati, kubuza uburyo gusubira inyuma, guhindura ibipimo nkumuvuduko wo hagati no gutemba, guhindura icyerekezo cyogutwara hagati, kugabanya imiyoboro cyangwa kurinda imiyoboro nibikoresho bidakabije, nibindi.

Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibicuruzwa bya valve, bigabanijwemoirembo, Umubumbe w'isi,Kugenzuraumupira w'amaguru,ikinyugunyugu, gucomeka valve, diaphragm valve, valve yumutekano, kugenzura valve (kugenzura valve), ububiko bwa trottle, umuvuduko ugabanya valve numutego, nibindi.; Ukurikije ibikoresho, igabanyijemo umuringa, umuringa, ibyuma bya karubone, ibyuma bivanze, ibyuma bya austenitike, ibyuma bya ferritic-austenitike ibyiciro bibiri, ibyuma bishingiye kuri nikel, amavuta ya titanium, plastike yubuhanga na valve ceramic, nibindi. , hari indangagaciro zidasanzwe nka ultra-high valves valves, valve vacuum, sitasiyo yamashanyarazi, indangagaciro zumuyoboro numuyoboro, indangagaciro zinganda za kirimbuzi, ububiko bwamato hamwe na cryogenic. Umubare munini wibipimo bya valve, ingano yizina kuva DN1 (ubumwe muri mm) kugeza DN9750; igitutu cyizina kuva ultra-vacuum ya 1× 10-10 mmHg (1mmHg = 133.322Pa) kugeza umuvuduko ukabije wa PN14600 (igice cya 105 Pa); Ubushyuhe bwo gukora buva kuri ultra-low ubushyuhe bwa -269℃kuri ultra-high ubushyuhe bwa 1200℃.

Kwemeza ibicuruzwa zikoreshwa cyane mu nzego zinyuranye z’ubukungu bw’igihugu, nka peteroli, gaze gasanzwe, gutunganya peteroli na gazi gutunganya no gutunganya no gutwara imiyoboro, ibikomoka ku miti, imiti y’imiti n’ibiribwa, amashanyarazi, ingufu z’amashanyarazi na sisitemu yo gutanga ingufu za kirimbuzi; Ubwoko butandukanye bwa valve bukoreshwa cyane muburyo bwo gushyushya no gutanga amashanyarazi, sisitemu yo kubyara metallurgjiya, sisitemu yo gutemba amato, ibinyabiziga, indege n’imashini zitandukanye za siporo, hamwe na gahunda yo kuhira no kuhira imirima. Mubyongeyeho, mubice byikoranabuhanga rishya nko kwirwanaho no mu kirere, hakoreshwa na valve zitandukanye zifite imiterere yihariye.

Valve ibicuruzwa bifite igice kinini cyibicuruzwa bya mashini. Dukurikije imibare y’ibihugu byateye imbere mu nganda, agaciro k’ibicuruzwa biva mu bubiko bingana na 5% by’ibicuruzwa biva mu nganda zose. Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, uruganda rukora ingufu za kirimbuzi rugizwe na miliyoni ebyiri za kilowatt rufite ibice bigera ku 28.000 bisangiwe, muri byo abagera ku 12.000 ni ibirwa bya kirimbuzi. Uruganda rugezweho rwa peteroli nini rusaba ibihumbi magana atandukanye, kandi ishoramari muri valve rifite 8% kugeza 10% byishoramari ryose mubikoresho.

Imiterere rusange yinganda za valve mubushinwa bwa kera

01 Amavuko y’inganda zikoreshwa mu Bushinwa: Shanghai

Mu Bushinwa bwa kera, Shanghai niho hantu ha mbere hakorewe ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa. Mu 1902, Pan Shunji Amahugurwa y'umuringa, aherereye ku muhanda wa Wuchang, mu karere ka Hongkou, muri Shanghai, yatangiye gukora uduce duto twa robine y'icyayi n'intoki. Icyayi cy'icyayi ni ubwoko bw'inkoko y'umuringa. Nibikorwa byambere bya valve mubushinwa bizwi kugeza ubu. Mu 1919, Uruganda rukora ibikoresho bya Deda (Shengji) (rwabanjirije uruganda rukora imashini zohereza imashini za Shanghai) rwatangiriye ku igare rito maze rutangira kubyara inkoko z'umuringa zifite umurambararo muto, umubumbe w'isi, indiba z'irembo hamwe n'amashanyarazi. Gukora ibyuma bisuka ibyuma byatangiye mu 1926, hamwe nubunini ntarengwa bwa NPS6 (muri santimetero, NPS1 = DN25.4). Muri kiriya gihe, inganda zibyuma nka Wang Yingqiang, Dahua, Lao Demao na Maoxu nazo zarafunguwe kugirango zikore indangagaciro. Icyakurikiyeho, kubera ubwiyongere bukenewe ku miyoboro y'amazi ku isoko, ikindi gice cy’inganda zikoresha ibyuma, inganda zicyuma, uruganda rukora umucanga (casting) ninganda zimashini zafunguwe kugirango zikore indangagaciro imwe imwe.

Itsinda rishinzwe gukora valve ryashinzwe mu bice bya Zhonghongqiao, Waihongqiao, Umuhanda wangiza n’umuhanda wa Changzhi mu karere ka Hongkou, muri Shanghai. Muri kiriya gihe, ibicuruzwa byagurishijwe cyane ku isoko ryimbere mu gihugu ni "Umutwe w'ifarashi", "Batatu 8 ″," Batatu 9 ″, "Igiceri cya kabiri", "Icyuma cya Iron", "Umupira w'inkoko" na "Eagle Ball". Umuvuduko ukabije w’umuringa n’ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa mu byuma bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kuvoma amazi mu nyubako n’ibikorwa by’isuku, kandi umubare muto w’ibyuma bikozwe mu byuma na byo bikoreshwa mu bucuruzi bw’imyenda yoroheje. Izi nganda ni nto cyane mubipimo, hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryasubiye inyuma, ibikoresho byoroheje by ibihingwa n’ibisohoka bike, ariko niho hambere havuka inganda z’ubushinwa. Nyuma, nyuma yo gushingwa Ishyirahamwe ryubwubatsi bwubwubatsi bwa Shanghai, aba bakora inganda za valve binjiye mumuryango umwe umwe hanyuma bahinduka itsinda ryamazi. umunyamuryango.

02Ibimera binini binini byo gukora valve

Mu ntangiriro za 1930, Uruganda rukora imashini za Shanghai Shenhe rwakoze umuvuduko ukabije w’amarembo y’irembo munsi ya NPS12 kugirango ikore amazi. Mu 1935, uruganda rwashizeho umushinga uhuriweho n’uruganda rwa Xiangfeng Iron Pipe hamwe n’abanyamigabane ba Xiangtai Iron Co., Ltd kubaka uruganda rukora ibyuma rwa Daxin (rwabanjirije uruganda rw’amagare rwa Shanghai), mu 1936 rwuzuye rushyirwa mu bikorwa, hari abakozi bagera ku 100 , hamwe na 2.6 zhang (1 zhang)≈3.33m) imisarani n'ibikoresho byo guterura, cyane cyane bitanga ibikoresho byo mu nganda no mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, imiyoboro y'amazi y'icyuma hamwe n'ibyuma bikozwe mu cyuma, ingano y'izina rya valve ni NPS6 ~ NPS18, kandi Irashobora gushushanya no gutanga ibice byuzuye by'ibimera ku bimera by'amazi, kandi ibicuruzwa byoherezwa muri Nanjing, Hangzhou na Beijing. Nyuma y '“13 Kanama ″ Abayapani bateye bigaruriye Shanghai mu 1937, ibyinshi mu bikoresho n’ibikoresho byo mu ruganda byangijwe n’umuriro w’imbunda z’Abayapani. Umwaka ukurikira wongereye igishoro wongera imirimo. NPS14 ~ NPS36 yateye amarembo y'icyuma, ariko kubera ihungabana ry'ubukungu, ubucuruzi budindira, ndetse no guhagarika akazi, ntibashoboye gukira kugeza mbere y’Ubushinwa bushya.

Mu 1935, abanyamigabane batanu barimo Li Chenghai, umucuruzi w’igihugu, bafatanyije gushinga uruganda rukora ibyuma rwa Shenyang Chengfa (uwahoze ari uruganda rwa Tieling Valve) ku muhanda wa Shishiwei, Akarere ka Nancheng, Umujyi wa Shenyang. Gusana no gukora indangagaciro. Mu 1939, uruganda rwimuriwe ku Muhanda wa Beierma, mu Karere ka Tiexi kugira ngo rwaguke, maze hubakwa amahugurwa abiri manini yo gutara no gutunganya. Kugeza mu 1945, yariyongereye igera ku bakozi 400, kandi ibicuruzwa byayo nyamukuru byari: amashyiga manini manini, umuringa w’umuringa, hamwe n’ibyuma byo mu kuzimu byinjira mu kuzimu bifite ubunini buri munsi ya DN800. Shenyang Chengfa Uruganda rukora uruganda rukora valve irwanira kubaho mubushinwa bwa kera.

03Inganda za valve inyuma

Mu gihe c'Intambara yo Kurwanya Ubuyapani, inganda nyinshi zo muri Shanghai n'ahandi zimukiye mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba, bityo umubare w'inganda muri Chongqing n'ahandi mu gice cy'inyuma wariyongereye, maze inganda zitangira gutera imbere. Mu 1943, Uruganda rukora imashini za Chongqing Hongtai n’uruganda rwa Huachang (uruganda rwombi ni rwo rwabanjirije uruganda rwa Chongqing Valve) rwatangiye gusana no gukora ibice by’amazi n’amazi y’umuvuduko ukabije, byagize uruhare runini mu guteza imbere umusaruro w’intambara inyuma no gukemura ibibazo by’abasivili indanga. Nyuma yo gutsinda Intambara yo Kurwanya Ubuyapani, Uruganda rwa Lisheng, Uruganda rwa Zhenxing, Uruganda rukora ibikoresho bya Jinshunhe n’uruganda rwa Qiyi rwagiye rukingura kugira ngo rutange indangagaciro nto. Nyuma yo gushingwa Ubushinwa bushya, izo nganda zahujwe mu ruganda rwa Chongqing Valve.

Icyo gihe, bamweabakora valvemuri Shanghai kandi yagiye muri Tianjin, Nanjing na Wuxi kubaka inganda zo gusana no gukora valve. Inganda zimwe zibyuma, uruganda rukora ibyuma, uruganda rukora imashini cyangwa ubwubatsi bwi Beijing, Dalian, Changchun, Harbin, Anshan, Qingdao, Wuhan, Fuzhou na Guangzhou nabwo bwagize uruhare mu gusana no gukora bimwe mu bikoresho byo gukora amazi.