Itsindavalve y'iremboni valve rusange isanzwe ikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kubungabunga amazi, ibyuma n'izindi nganda. Imikoreshereze yayo myinshi yamenyekanyezyakozwe n'isoko. Mu myaka myinshi y'ubuziranenge n'ubuhanga n'ibizamini, umwanditsi ntabwo yakoze ubushakashatsi bwihariye gusa ku bijyanye no kumenya valve y'irembo, ahubwo yakoze n'ikoreshwa rya valve y'irembo, nakoze ubushakashatsi bwitondewe kandi bwimbitse.
Ibi bikurikira ni ikiganiro rusange ku miterere, imikoreshereze, gukemura ibibazo, igenzura ry’ubuziranenge n’ibindi bice bya valve y’irembo.
Inyubako
Imiterere y'ikigovalve y'irembo: Itsindavalve y'irembonivalveikoresha icyuma cyo ku irembo n'intebe ya valve kugira ngo igenzure uburyo bwo gufungura no gufunga.valve y'iremboahanini igizwe n'umubiri wa valve, intebe ya valve, isahani yo kwinjira, inkingi ya valve, igipfundikizo cya valve, ibaruwa yo gupakira, igipfundikizo cy'umuvuduko wo gupakira, igiti cy'impande, ikiganza-ipine, nibindi. Bitewe n'impinduka z'aho iri hagati y'irembo n'intebe ya valve, ingano y'umuyoboro ishobora guhindurwa kandi umuyoboro ushobora gucibwa. Kugira ngo valve y'irembo ifungwe neza, icyuma cy'irembo n'intebe ya valve birasenywa.
Dukurikije imiterere itandukanye y'imiterere ya valve y'irembo, valve y'irembo ishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: agace k'ibanga n'agace k'ibanga.
Icyapa cy'irembo cya valve y'irembo ifite imiterere, kandi ubuso bwo gufunga bugana ku murongo wo hagati w'umuyoboro. Icyapa kiri hagati y'icyapa cy'irembo n'intebe y'irembo ikoreshwa mu gufunga (gufunga). Icyapa cy'irembo gishobora kuba irembo rimwe cyangwa irembo ribiri.
Ubuso bwo gufunga bwa value y'irembo ingana buringaniye kandi bugororotse ku murongo wo hagati w'umuyoboro. Bugabanyijemo ubwoko bubiri: uburyo bufunguye n'uburyo budafungura. Hariho irembo ribiri rifite uburyo bufunguye. Iyo irembo rigabanutse, ibice by'amarembo abiri afatanye bishyigikira amarembo abiri ari ku ntebe ya value iri ku nkengero kandi bigaca umuyoboro w'amazi. Iyo irembo rizamutse rigakinguka, ishoka n'irembo bikorana n'irembo biratandukana, irembo rirazamuka kugeza ku burebure runaka, kandi agace gafatwa n'agace. Igare ribiri ridafite uburyo bufunguye. Iyo icyuma cy'irembo kigiye mu ntebe ya value ku buso bubiri bw'intebe ya value bungana, igitutu cy'amazi gikoreshwa mu gukanda icyuma cy'irembo ku mubiri wa value ku ruhande rw'aho value isohoka kugira ngo gifunge amazi.
Dukurikije ingendo zitandukanye z'umugozi w'ingufu iyo irembo rifunguwe kandi rifunze, imvange y'irembo igabanyijemo ibice bibiri: imvange y'irembo ifite umugozi ufunguye n'imvange y'irembo ifite umugozi wijimye. Iyo imvange y'ingufu n'igice cy'irembo bya value y'irembo ifite umugozi ufunguye bifunguwe cyangwa bifunze, bizamuka bikanagwa icyarimwe; iyo imvange y'irembo ifite umugozi wijimye ifunguwe cyangwa ifunze, imvange y'ingufu izunguruka gusa, kuzamuka no kumanuka kw'umugozi w'ingufu ntibishobora kugaragara, kandi imvange y'ingufu irazamurwa cyangwa imanurwa. Akamaro k'imvange y'irembo ifite umugozi ufunguye ni uko ishobora gupima uburebure bw'umuyoboro ufunguye binyuze mu burebure bw'imvange, ariko ishobora kugabanya uburebure bw'uburemere. Iyo ureba ukuboko-uruziga cyangwa umukingo, zunguza ukuboko-ipine cyangwa umukingo ugana ku cyerekezo cy'isaha, hanyuma valve irafungwa.
Uburyo bwo gukoresha valve ya kabiri y'irembo n'ihame ryo guhitamo:
Inzu ya 01valve y'irembo
Gukoresha valve y'irembo ritambitse:
(1) Imiyoboro itwara peteroli na gaze karemano, valves z’amarembo zifite imyobo yo kunyuramo na zo zoroshye gusukura imiyoboro.
(2) Imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho byo kubikamo amavuta meza.
(3) Ibikoresho byo gukurura peteroli na gaze karemano.
(4) Imiyoboro ifite ibyuma binini bimanitse.
(5) Umuyoboro w'amazi ukwirakwiza gaze mu mijyi.
(6) Umushinga wo gutanga amazi.
Ihame ryo guhitamo valve y'irembo ritambitse:
(1) Ku miyoboro ikwirakwiza peteroli na gaze karemano, hitamo valve z'amarembo zifite amarembo amwe cyangwa amarembo abiri. Niba ukeneye gusukura umuyoboro, hitamo valve y'amarembo ifite amarembo amwe afite umwobo wo kunyuramo.
(2) Ku muyoboro w’amashanyarazi n’ibikoresho byo kubikamo amavuta meza, hitamo irembo rimwe ridafite umwobo wo kunyuramo cyangwa valve y’irembo ifite irembo ribiri.
(3) Ku bikoresho byo gukurura peteroli na gaze karemano, hitamo irembo rimwe rifite intebe y'icyuma gitemba gifite agace k'umukara gafite umwobo wo kunyuramo cyangwa icyuma gitemba gifite irembo ribiri.
(4) Ku miyoboro ifite icyuma gifunganye, hitamo valve y'irembo ifite ishusho y'icyuma.
(5) Ku miyoboro itwara gazi mu mujyi, hitamo idirishya rimwe cyangwa idirishya ry’irembo rifunguye rikozwe mu buryo bwa double seal open rod.
(6) Ku bijyanye n'ubuhanga mu gutanga amazi, hitamo icyuma kimwe cyangwa icyuma cy'irembo gifite umwobo ufunguye udafite aho ubohera.
Akadomo ka 02valve y'irembo
Igihe gikoreshwa cyo gukoresha valve yo gufunga: Mu moko atandukanye ya valve, valve yo gufunga ni yo ikoreshwa cyane. Muri rusange ikoreshwa gusa mu gufungura cyangwa gufunga byuzuye, kandi ntishobora gukoreshwa mu kugenzura no gufunga.
Valve yo ku ruhande rw'inyuma ikoreshwa ahantu hatari hakenewe cyane ingano y'inyuma y'iyi valve, kandi imiterere yo kuyikoresha ikaba ikomeye cyane. Urugero, ku buryo bwo gukora bushyuha cyane n'umuvuduko mwinshi, ni ngombwa ko ibice bifunze bifungwa igihe kirekire.
Muri rusange, iyo habayeho ikoreshwa ry’ibintu cyangwa ibisabwa kugira ngo habeho imikorere myiza yo gufunga, umuvuduko mwinshi, gukata umuvuduko mwinshi (itandukaniro rikomeye ry’umuvuduko), gukata umuvuduko muto (itandukaniro rito ry’umuvuduko), urusaku ruto, umwobo w’umwuka n’ibintu bihindura umwuka, ubushyuhe buri hagati, ubushyuhe buke (ubukonje bwinshi), ni byiza gukoresha valve y’irembo. Urugero, hari byinshi bikoreshwa mu nganda z’amashanyarazi, gushonga peteroli, peteroli, peteroli yo mu mazi, ubwubatsi bw’amazi n’imyanda mu bwubatsi bw’imijyi, n’inganda zikora imiti.
Ihame ryo guhitamo:
(1) Ibisabwa ku miterere y'amazi ya valve. Valve y'irembo ikoreshwa mu mikorere ifite ubushobozi buke bwo kudatemba, ubushobozi bwo gutembera neza mu mazi, imiterere myiza yo gutemba no gufunga neza.
(2) Ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi. Nk'amavuta ashyushye cyane, ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi.
(3) Ubushyuhe buke (ubukonje bwinshi). Nka ammonia y'amazi, hidrojeni y'amazi, ogisijeni y'amazi n'ibindi bikoresho.
(4) Umuvuduko muke kandi muniniInganoNk'imishinga y'amazi ya robine n'imishinga yo gutunganya imyanda.
(5) Aho gushyiramo: hitamo valve y'irembo ry'inkoni yijimye iyo uburebure bwo kuyishyiraho ari buke; hitamo valve y'irembo ry'inkoni ifunguye iyo uburebure budakemwa.
(6) Iyo ishobora gufungurwa neza cyangwa igafungwa neza, kandi idashobora gukoreshwa mu gukosora no gufunga, ni bwo valve y'irembo ishobora gutoranywa.
Amakosa atatu asanzwe n'uburyo bwo kuyabungabunga
01 Ikosa risanzwe n'impamvu zitera valves zo mu irembo
Nyuma yo gukoresha valve y'irembo, ibibazo bikurikira bikunze kubaho bitewe n'ubushyuhe, igitutu, ingese n'ingendo za buri kintu cyose kigize aho gihurira.
(1) Gusohoka: Hari ubwoko bubiri, ari bwo gusohoka kw'inyuma n'ugusohoka kw'imbere. Gusohoka kw'inyuma y'imashini byitwa gusohoka, kandi gusohoka kw'imashini ni ikintu gikunze kugaragara mu gasanduku ko gupakira no mu gasanduku gahuza ibyuma.
Impamvu zitera gusohoka kw'agasanduku ko gupakira: ubwoko cyangwa ubwiza bw'agapaki ntibuhuye n'ibisabwa; gusaza kw'agapaki cyangwa kwangirika k'agasanduku k'ingufu; kurekura kw'agasanduku ko gupakira; gushwanyagurika ku buso bw'agasanduku k'ingufu.
Impamvu zo kuva kw'amazi ku ihuza ry'urukiramende: ibikoresho cyangwa ingano ya gasket itujuje ibisabwa; ubwiza bwo gutunganya ubuso bwo kuziba urukiramende ni bubi; imigozi yo guhuza ihambiriyeho idafatanye neza; imiterere y'imiyoboro y'amazi ntabwo ihagije, bigatuma habaho imitwaro myinshi cyane ku ihuza.
Impamvu zitera kuva kw'imbere kwa valve: Kuva kw'imbere guterwa no gufunga kwa valve ni kuva kw'imbere guterwa no kwangirika kw'ubuso bw'ifunga rya valve cyangwa umuzi w'impeta yo gufunga.
(1) Guturika akenshi ni uguturika k'umubiri w'agapfunyika, igipfundikizo cya gapfunyika, igiti cya gapfunyika n'ubuso bwo kuziba icyuma. Guturika biterwa ahanini n'imikorere y'icyuma, ndetse no kurekura kwa iyoni mu byuma bicukura na gasket.
(2) Gushwanyaguza: gukurura cyangwa gukuraho ubuso bw'aho hantu bibaho iyo icyuma cyo ku irembo n'intebe ya valve biri mu nzira ijyanye n'igitutu runaka cyo gukoraho.
02 Kubungabunga icyuma gikingira irembo
(1) Gusana aho imvange y'inyuma y'imvange
Mu gihe ukanda ku cyuzuzo, agapira ko hejuru k'agapira gakwiye gupimwa kugira ngo wirinde kugorama k'agapira, hagasigara icyuho cyo gukanda. Mu gihe ukanda ku cyuzuzo, agapira gakwiye guhindurwa kugira ngo icyuzuzo kizengurutse agapira gafatanye kandi hirindwe ko umuvuduko upfa, kugira ngo bitagira ingaruka ku kuzunguruka k'agapira, byongere ubusaza bw'agapira, kandi bigabanya igihe cyo gukora. Ubuso bw'agapira gakozwe mu cyuzuzo burashwanyagurika, kugira ngo icyo gikoresho cyoroshye gusohokamo. Kigomba gutunganywa kugira ngo haveho udusebe ku buso bw'agapira mbere yo gukoreshwa.
Ku bijyanye no gusohora kw'umugozi w'urukiramende, iyo gasket yangiritse, igomba gusimbuzwa; niba ibikoresho bya gasket bidatoranijwe neza, ibikoresho bishobora gukoresha bigomba gutorwa; niba ubuso bwo gufunga flange bufite ubwiza bubi bwo gutunganya, ubuso bwo gufunga flange bugomba gukurwaho no kongera gutunganywa kugeza bumaze kwemerwa.
Byongeye kandi, gufunga neza imigozi y'urukiramende, gushyiraho neza umuyoboro w'amazi, no kwirinda imitwaro myinshi cyane ku rukiramende bifasha mu gukumira amazi ava ku rukiramende.
(2) Gusana aho imvange y'imbere y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi
Gusana imyanda y'imbere ni ukugabanya ibyangiritse ku gice cyo gufunga no kurekura umuzi w'impeta yo gufunga (iyo impeta yo gufunga ishyizwe ku gice cyo gufunga cyangwa ku ntebe y'impeta hakoreshejwe gukanda cyangwa umugozi). Iyo igice cyo gufunga cyatunganyijwe neza ku gice cyo hejuru cy'impeta n'igice cyo hejuru cy'impeta, nta kibazo cy'imizi irekuye cyangwa irekuye.
Iyo ubuso bwo gufunga bwangiritse cyane kandi ubuso bwo gufunga bugakorwa n'impeta yo gufunga, impeta ishaje igomba gukurwaho igashyirwaho impeta nshya yo gufunga; niba ubuso bwo gufunga butunganyijwe neza ku gice cy'imashini, ubuso bwo gufunga bwangiritse bugomba kubanza gukurwaho, hanyuma impeta nshya yo gufunga cyangwa ubuso bwo gupanga bugashyirwa ku buso bushya bwo gufunga. Iyo imivundo, uduce, gushwanyagurika, gupfunyika n'ibindi bidafite akamaro ku buso bwo gufunga biri munsi ya mm 0.05, bishobora gukurwaho hakoreshejwe gusya.
Umuzi w'impeta yo gufunga urimo kuva. Iyo impeta yo gufunga ishyizwemo kandi igashyirwaho, umukandara wa PTFE cyangwa irangi ry'umweru rinini rishobora gushyirwa hasi ku ntebe y'imashini cyangwa umuyoboro w'impeta yo gufunga, hanyuma ugashyirwa mu mpeta yo gufunga kugira ngo wuzuze umuzi w'impeta yo gufunga. Iyo impeta yo gufunga ishyizweho umugozi, umukandara wa PTFE cyangwa irangi ry'umweru rinini rigomba gushyirwa hagati y'umugozi Uruva hagati y'imirongo.
(3) Gusana ingese ya valve
Muri rusange, umubiri wa valve n'igipfundikizo cya valve birangirika neza, mu gihe uruti rwa valve rukunze kuba rufite imyobo. Mu gihe cyo gusana, ikintu cyangiza kigomba kubanza gukurwaho. Ku ruti rwa valve rufite imyobo, rugomba gutunganywa ku cyuma kugira ngo ruvaneho icyuho, rugahindurwamo icyuzuza kirimo ikintu kidasibangana, cyangwa gusukura icyuzuza n'amazi asukuye kugira ngo ukureho iyoni mu cyuzuza zigira ingaruka mbi ku ruti rwa valve.
(4) Gusana ibisebe ku buso bufunga
Mu gihe cyo gukoresha valve, gucika kw'ubuso bufunga bigomba kwirindwa uko bishoboka kose, kandi imbaraga za torque ntizibe nini cyane mu gihe ufunga valve. Niba gucika kw'ubuso bufunga bishobora gukurwaho hakoreshejwe gusya.
Gutahura valve enye z'amarembo
Mu isoko ririho ubu ndetse n'ibyo abakoresha bakeneye, amabati y'icyuma akingira amarembo ni yo afite uruhare runini. Nk'umugenzuzi w'ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa, uretse kuba uzi neza isuzuma ry'ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa, ugomba no gusobanukirwa neza n'ibicuruzwa ubwabyo.
01 Ishingiro ry'isuzuma rya valve y'irembo ry'icyuma
Gutahura valve y'irembo ry'icyuma bishingiye ku gipimo rusange cya GB/T12232-2005 "valve y'irembo ry'icyuma rusange".
02 Ibintu byo kugenzura icyuma gikingira amarembo
Ikubiyemo ahanini: ikirango, * ubugari bw'urukuta ruto, ikizamini cy'umuvuduko, ikizamini cy'igikonoshwa, nibindi. Muri byo, ubugari bw'urukuta, ikizamini cy'umuvuduko n'igikonoshwa ni ibintu bikenewe mu igenzura n'ibintu by'ingenzi. Iyo hari ibintu bidafite ishingiro, bishobora gufatwa nk'ibicuruzwa bidafite ishingiro.
Muri make, igenzura ry’ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa ni igice cy’ingenzi cy’igenzura ryose ry’ibicuruzwa. Akamaro kabyo karagaragara. Nk’abakozi bashinzwe kugenzura imbere, tugomba gukomeza kunoza ubuziranenge bwacu. Ntitugomba gukora akazi keza gusa mu igenzura ry’ibicuruzwa, ahubwo tugomba no gusobanukirwa n’ibicuruzwa byagenzuwe, kugira ngo turusheho gukora akazi keza mu igenzura.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Werurwe-23-2023
