Valve y'iremboni valve isanzwe ikoreshwa muri rusange ifite uburyo butandukanye bwo kuyikoresha. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kubungabunga amazi, ibyuma n'izindi nganda. Imikorere yayo myinshi yamenyekanye ku isoko. Uretse inyigo ya valve y'irembo, yanakoze inyigo ikomeye kandi yitonze ku ikoreshwa n'ibibazo byavalve z'irembo.
Ibi bikurikira ni ikiganiro rusange ku miterere, ikoreshwa, gukemura ibibazo, igenzura ry'ubuziranenge n'ibindi bice byavalve zo mu irembo.
1. Imiterere
Imiterere y'ikigovalve y'irembo:valve y'iremboni valve ikoresha icyuma gikingira irembo n'intebe ya valve kugira ngo igenzure uburyo bwo gufungura no gufunga.Valve y'iremboahanini igizwe n'umubiri wa valve, intebe ya valve, isahani y'irembo, inkingi ya valve, bonnet, agasanduku ko gushyiramo ibintu, imyumbati yo gupakira, igiti cy'irembo, urushundura rw'intoki n'ibindi. Bitewe n'impinduka z'aho amarembo ari hagati y'irembo n'intebe ya valve, ingano y'umuyoboro irashobora guhindurwa kandi umuyoboro urashobora gucibwa. Kugira ngo hakorwevalve y'irembohafi cyane, ubuso bwo guhuza bw'ikibaho cyo ku irembo n'intebe ya valve birasenyutse.
Dukurikije imiterere itandukanye y'imiterere yavalve zo mu irembo, valve zo mu irembo zishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bw'ibanga n'ubwoko bw'impande.
Irembo ry'akabarivalve y'iremboIfite ishusho nk'iy'umugozi, kandi ubuso bwo gufunga bukora inguni igororotse hamwe n'umurongo wo hagati w'umuyoboro, kandi umugozi uri hagati y'irembo n'intebe y'ingufu ukoreshwa kugira ngo habeho gufunga (gufunga). Isahani y'umugozi ishobora kuba iy'intama imwe cyangwa iy'intama ebyiri.
Ubuso bwo gufunga bwa valve y'irembo ingana buringaniye kandi bugororotse ku murongo wo hagati w'umuyoboro, kandi hari ubwoko bubiri: bufite uburyo bwo kwagura kandi budafite uburyo bwo kwagura. Hariho intama ebyiri zifite uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza. Iyo intama zimanutse, uduce tw'intama ebyiri zingana tuzakwirakwiza intama ebyiri ku ntebe y'igare ku buso buteganye kugira ngo zibuze umuyoboro w'amazi. Iyo intama zizamutse kandi zigafungura, uduce n'amarembo bizatandukana. Ubuso buhuye bw'isahani buratandukana, isahani y'irembo izamuka kugeza ku burebure runaka, kandi agace gashyigikiwe n'umuyobozi uri ku isahani y'irembo. Irembo ribiri ridafite uburyo bwo kwagura, iyo irembo ryinjiye mu ntebe y'igare ku buso bubiri bw'intebe bungana, igitutu cy'amazi gikoreshwa mu gukanda irembo ku mubiri wa valve ku ruhande rw'aho valve isohoka kugira ngo ifunge amazi.
Dukurikije uko umugozi w'agakingirizo ugenda iyo irembo rifunguwe kandi rifunze, agakingirizo k'irembo gagabanyijemo ubwoko bubiri: agakingirizo k'irembo gazamuka n'agakingirizo k'irembo gahishe. Agakingirizo k'agakingirizo n'agakingirizo k'agakingirizo k'agakingirizo k'agakingirizo gazamuka bizamuka kandi bigagwa icyarimwe iyo bifunguwe cyangwa bifunze; iyo agakingirizo k'irembo gahishe gafunguwe cyangwa gafunze, agakingirizo k'agakingirizo kazunguruka gusa, kandi kuzamura agakingirizo k'agakingirizo ntikaboneke, kandi agakingirizo k'agakingirizo kazamuka cyangwa kagagwa. Akamaro k'agakingirizo k'agakingirizo gazamuka ni uko uburebure bw'umuyoboro bushobora gupimwa n'uburebure bw'agakingirizo k'agakingirizo, ariko uburebure bufatiweho bushobora kugabanuka. Iyo ureba uruziga rw'intoki cyangwa umugozi, zunguza uruziga rw'iboko cyangwa umugozi mu buryo bw'isaha kugira ngo ufunge agakingirizo.
2. Ingendo n'amahame yo guhitamo amabati yo mu irembo
01. Igorofavalve y'irembo
Inshuro zo gukoresha valve y'irembo ry'ikibaho:
(1) Ku miyoboro ya peteroli na gaze karemano, valve y'irembo ifite imyobo yo kunyuramo nayo yoroshye gusukura umuyoboro.
(2) Imiyoboro n'ibikoresho byo kubikamo amavuta meza.
(3) Ibikoresho byo gukoresha peteroli na gaze karemano.
(4) Imiyoboro ifite ibyuma bifunganye.
(5) Umuyoboro w'amazi ukwirakwiza gazi mu mujyi.
(6) Amashanyarazi.
Ihame ryo guhitamo icyuma gikoreshwa mu gushushanyavalve y'irembo:
(1) Ku miyoboro ya peteroli na gaze karemano, koresha icyuma kimwe cyangwa bibirivalve zo mu iremboNiba ari ngombwa gusukura umuyoboro, koresha irembo rimwe rifite umwobo wo kunyuramo ufunguye inkingi y'irembo irambuye.
(2) Ku muyoboro w’ubwikorezi n’ibikoresho byo kubikamo amavuta meza, hatoranywa valve y’irembo ifite intama imwe cyangwa intama ebyiri idafite imyobo yo kuzunguruka.
(3) Ku bijyanye no gushyiraho icyambu cyo gukurura peteroli na gaze karemano, hatoranywa valves z'irembo rimwe cyangwa ebyiri zifite intebe zihishe zireremba hamwe n'imyobo yo kuzunguruka.
(4) Ku miyoboro ifite icyuma gifunganye, hatoranywa valve zo ku irembo zifite ishusho y'icyuma.
(5) Ku miyoboro itwara gazi mu mujyi, koresha idirishya rimwe cyangwa idirishya ribiri ry’irembo rifunganye rifite idirishya ryoroheje.
(6) Ku mishinga y'amazi ya robine, hatoranywa idirishya rimwe cyangwa idirishya ry'irembo ry'irembo rifite inkoni zifunguye zidafite imyobo yo kuzunguruka.
02. Valve yo ku irembo ry'umugozi
Ingendo zikoreshwa mu gufunga amarembo: Mu moko atandukanye ya valvu, valvu y'amarembo ni yo ikoreshwa cyane. Muri rusange ikwiriye gufunga cyangwa gufungura burundu, kandi ntishobora gukoreshwa mu kugenzura no gufunga.
Muri rusange, valve zo mu bwoko bwa wedge gate zikoreshwa ahantu hatari ibisabwa ku bipimo by'inyuma bya valve, kandi imiterere y'imikorere yayo ikaba ikomeye cyane. Urugero, uburyo bwo gukora bw'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi bisaba ko ibice bifungwa kugira ngo bikomeze gufungwa igihe kirekire, n'ibindi.
Muri rusange, imiterere ya serivisi cyangwa isaba imikorere yizewe yo kuziba, umuvuduko mwinshi, gukata umuvuduko mwinshi (itandukaniro rikomeye ry’umuvuduko), gukata umuvuduko muto (itandukaniro rito ry’umuvuduko), urusaku ruto, gukamura no gushyushya, ubushyuhe buri hagati, ubushyuhe buke (cryogenic), ni byiza gukoresha valve yo kugamamo. Nk'inganda z'amashanyarazi, gushongesha peteroli, inganda za peteroli, peteroli yo mu mazi, ubwubatsi bw'amazi n'ubuhanga bwo gutunganya imyanda mu mijyi, inganda za shimi n'izindi nganda zikoreshwa cyane.
Ihame ryo guhitamo:
(1) Ibisabwa ku miterere y'amazi y'imvange. Imvange z'irembo zitoranywa hakurikijwe imiterere y'akazi ifite ubushobozi buke bwo kudakora neza, ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gutemba, imiterere myiza yo gutemba, n'ibisabwa cyane byo kuziba.
(2) Ubushyuhe bwinshi n'igipimo cy'umuvuduko mwinshi. Nk'umwuka w'umwuka ushyushye cyane, ubushyuhe bwinshi n'amavuta afite umuvuduko mwinshi.
(3) Ubushyuhe buke (cryogenic). Nka ammonia y'amazi, hydrogen y'amazi, ogisijeni y'amazi n'ibindi bikoresho.
(4) Umuvuduko muke n'umurambararo munini. Nk'amazi, ibikorwa byo gutunganya imyanda.
(5) Aho uburebure bw'aho buzashyirwa: Iyo uburebure bw'aho buzashyirwa ari buke, hitamo valve y'irembo ry'umugozi wihishe; iyo uburebure butagabanijwe, hitamo valve y'irembo ry'umugozi wihishe.
(6) Vali zo mu ruziga zishobora gukoreshwa gusa iyo zishobora gukoreshwa mu gufungura cyangwa gufunga neza, kandi ntizishobora gukoreshwa mu gukosora no gufunga neza.
3. Ikosa risanzwe n'uburyo bwo kubungabunga
01. Amakosa asanzwe n'impamvu ziteravalve zo mu irembo
Nyuma yavalve y'iremboikoreshwa, bitewe n'ingaruka z'ubushyuhe buringaniye, igitutu, ingese n'ingendo z'ibice bitandukanye bikoranaho, ibibazo bikurikira bikunze kubaho.
(1) Gusohoka: Hari ubwoko bubiri, ari bwo gusohoka kw'inyuma n'ugusohoka kw'imbere. Gusohoka kw'inyuma y'imvange byitwa gusohoka kw'inyuma, naho gusohoka kw'inyuma bikunze kuboneka mu dusanduku two gushyiramo ibintu no mu miyoboro ya flange.
Impamvu zituma agasanduku k’imyanda gasohoka: ubwoko cyangwa ubwiza bw’imyanda ntibuhuye n’ibisabwa; imyanda irashaje cyangwa umugozi w’imyanda warashaje; agace k’imyanda gapfunyitse; ubuso bw’umugozi w’imyanda bwarashwanyaguritse.
Impamvu zo kuva kw'amazi ku ihuza ry'urukiramende: Ibikoresho cyangwa ingano ya gasket ntabwo byujuje ibisabwa; ubwiza bwo gutunganya ubuso bwo kuziba urukiramende ni bubi; imigozi yo guhuza ntabwo ifunze neza; imiterere y'imiyoboro ntabwo ihagije, kandi umutwaro w'inyongera ukabije ukorwa ku ihuza.
Impamvu zo kuva kw'imbere mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi: Kuva kw'imbere mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi guterwa no kuva kw'imbere mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi guterwa no kwangirika kw'inyuma mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi guterwa no kwangirika kw'inyuma mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi cyangwa ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi guterwa.
(1) Guturika akenshi ni uguturika k'umubiri w'agapfunyika, agapfunyika, igiti cy'agapfunyika, n'ubuso bwo kuziba icyuma. Guturika biterwa ahanini n'imikorere y'icyuma, ndetse no kurekura kwa iyoni mu byuzuzo na gasket.
(2) Imikufi: gushwanyagurika cyangwa gutobora ubuso bibaho iyo irembo n'intebe ya valve byimutse ugereranije n'igitutu runaka.
02. Kubungabungavalve y'irembo
(1) Gusana aho imvange y'inyuma y'imashini isohoka
Mu gihe cyo gukanda ipaki, imigozi y'ingufu igomba kuringanizwa kugira ngo igiti kidahinduka kandi habeho umwanya wo gufungana. Mu gihe cyo gukanda ipaki, umugozi w'ingufu ugomba kuzunguruka kugira ngo ipaki ikikije umugozi w'ingufu ijyane, kandi hirindwe ko umuvuduko ukomeza kuba muto cyane, kugira ngo bitagira ingaruka ku kuzunguruka k'umugozi w'ingufu, byongere ubusakare ku ipaki, kandi bigabanya igihe cyo kuyikoresha. Ubuso bw'umugozi w'ingufu burashwanyagurika, bigatuma icyuma cyoroshye kuvamo. Kigomba gutunganywa kugira ngo haveho udusebe ku buso bw'umugozi w'ingufu mbere yo kuyikoresha.
Ku bijyanye n'aho amazi asohoka ku gice cyo hagati cy'urukiramende, iyo gasket yangiritse, igomba gusimbuzwa; iyo ibikoresho bya gasket bidatoranijwe neza, hagomba gutoranywa ibikoresho bishobora gukoresha; iyo ubwiza bw'ubuso bwo gufunga flange butari bwiza, bugomba gukurwaho bugasanwa. Ubuso bwo gufunga flange burongera gutunganywa kugeza bumaze kwemezwa.
Byongeye kandi, gufunga neza imiyoboro ya flange, gushyiraho neza imiyoboro, no kwirinda umutwaro mwinshi ku miyoboro ya flange byose bigira uruhare mu gukumira amazi ava ku miyoboro ya flange.
(2) Gusana aho imyanda y'imbere mu mashini itemba
Gusana imyanda y'imbere ni ukugabanya ibyangiritse ku gice cyo gufunga n'umuzi w'impeta yo gufunga (iyo impeta yo gufunga ishyizwe ku gice cyo gufunga cyangwa ku ntebe hakoreshejwe gukanda cyangwa gushyiramo udupira). Iyo igice cyo gufunga cyatunganyijwe neza ku gice cyo gufunga n'igice cyo gufunga, nta kibazo cy'imizi y'imbere n'imyanda isohoka.
Iyo ubuso bwo gufunga bwangiritse cyane kandi ubuso bwo gufunga bugakorwa n'impeta yo gufunga, impeta ishaje igomba gukurwaho hanyuma hagatangwa impeta nshya yo gufunga; niba ubuso bwo gufunga butunganyijwe neza ku gice cy'umubiri wa valve, ubuso bwo gufunga bwangiritse bugomba kubanza gukurwaho. Kuraho, hanyuma usya impeta nshya yo gufunga cyangwa ubuso bwatunganyijwe mu bundi bushya bwo gufunga. Iyo imivundo, uduce, gushwanyagurika, ibitonyanga n'ibindi bidafite ishingiro ku buso bwo gufunga biri munsi ya mm 0.05, bishobora gukurwaho hakoreshejwe gusya.
Gutonyanga biba ku mizi y'impeta yo gufunga. Iyo impeta yo gufunga ishyizweho umukandara, shyira kaseti ya tetrafluoroethylene cyangwa irangi ry'umweru rinini kuvalveintebe cyangwa hepfo y'umuyoboro w'impeta yo gufunga, hanyuma ukande impeta yo gufunga kugira ngo wuzuze umuzi w'impeta yo gufunga; Iyo impeta yo gufunga imaze gufunga, kaseti ya PTFE cyangwa irangi ry'umweru rinini bigomba gushyirwa hagati y'impeta kugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi yameneka hagati y'impeta.
(3) Gusana ingese ya valve
Mu bihe bisanzwe, umubiri wa valve n'agasanduku kayo biba byangiritse kimwe, mu gihe uruti rwa valve rukunze kuba rufite imyobo. Mu gihe cyo gusana, ibikoresho bya corruption bigomba kubanza gukurwaho. Ku ruti rwa valve rufite imyobo, rugomba gutunganywa hakoreshejwe imashini kugira ngo rugabanye icyuho, kandi hagakoreshwa icyuma gitanga imyobo kirimo ikintu gisohora buhoro buhoro, cyangwa gusukura icyuma gitanga imyobo n'amazi meza kugira ngo icyuma gitanga imyobo cyangiza igiti cya valve.
(4) Gusana iminkanyari ku gice cyo gufunga
Mu gihe cyo gukoresha valve, gerageza kwirinda ko igice cyo gufunga cyakwangirika, kandi imbaraga za torque ntizigomba kuba nini cyane mu gihe ufunga valve. Iyo igice cyo gufunga cyakwangirika, gishobora gukurwaho hakoreshejwe icyuma gisya.
4. Gutahuravalve y'irembo
Mu isoko ririho ubu n'ibyo abakoresha bakeneye, icyumavalve zo mu irembobireba igice kinini. Nk'umugenzuzi w'ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa, uretse kuba uzi neza igenzura ry'ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa, ugomba no gusobanukirwa neza n'ibicuruzwa ubwabyo.
01. Ishingiro ry'uburyo icyuma gikoreshwavalve y'irembo
Icyumavalve zo mu irembobipimwa hashingiwe ku gipimo cy’igihugu cya GB/T12232-2005 “Icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa Flangedvalve zo mu iremboku byuma rusange by'amashanyarazi.
02. Ibintu by'igenzura by'icyumavalve y'irembo
Ahanini harimo: ibimenyetso, ubugari buke bw'urukuta, ikizamini cy'umuvuduko, ikizamini cy'igikonoshwa, nibindi. Muri byo, ubugari bw'urukuta, umuvuduko, n'ikizamini cy'igikonoshwa ni ibintu by'ingenzi bikenewe mu igenzura n'ibintu by'ingenzi. Iyo hari ibintu bidafite ishingiro, bishobora gufatwa nk'ibicuruzwa bidafite ishingiro.
Muri make, igenzura ry’ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa ni cyo gice cy’ingenzi cyane mu igenzura ry’ibicuruzwa byose, kandi akamaro kabyo karagaragara. Nk’abakozi bashinzwe kugenzura imbere, tugomba gukomeza kunoza ubuziranenge bwacu, atari ukugira ngo dukore akazi keza mu igenzura ry’ibicuruzwa gusa, ahubwo no kugira ngo turusheho gusobanukirwa neza ibicuruzwa byagenzuwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Werurwe-31-2023
