Amateka yiterambere yinganda zubushinwa (3)

Iterambere rihoraho ryinganda za Valve (1967-1978)

01 Iterambere ry'inganda rigira ingaruka

Kuva mu 1967 kugeza 1978, kubera impinduka zikomeye mubijyanye n'imibereho, iterambere ry'inganda za Valve nazo zaragize ingaruka. Ibigaragaza nyamukuru ni:

1. Valve Ibisohoka byagabanutse cyane, kandi ireme riragabanuka cyane

2. Valve Sisitemu yubushakashatsi bwa siyansi yatangiye gufata igenamiterere

3. Ibicuruzwa biciriritse bitinda bihinduka igihe gito

4. Umusaruro udateganijwe wigitutu kinini kandi giciriritse cyatangiye kugaragara

02 Fata ingamba zo kurambura "Valve Mugufi"

Ubwiza bwibicuruzwa murivalveInganda zaragabanutse cyane, kandi nyuma yo gushinga uduce twinshi kandi duciriritse duciriritse, leta iha agaciro gakomeye kuriyi. Ibiro biremereye kandi rusange bya Minisiteri ya mbere y'imashini byashyizeho itsinda rya Valve kugira ngo duhindure tekinike y'inganda za Valve. Nyuma y'iperereza n'ubushakashatsi, itsinda rya Valve ryashyize ahagaragara, raporo ku bitekerezo byerekeye iterambere ry'inganda zitanga umusaruro kandi zigenamigambi rya Leta. Nyuma yubushakashatsi, byafashwe byemejwe gushora miliyoni 52 Yuan mumikino ya valve kugirango ihindure tekinike kugirango ikemure ikibazo cyibibazo bikomeye byumuvuduko mwinshi kandi uciriritseindangagaciro no kugabanuka ubuziranenge vuba bishoboka.

1. Inama ebyiri za Kaifeng

Muri Gicurasi 1972, Ishami rya mbere rya Machinery ryagize ubwenegihuguvalveInganda z'Inganda z'Inganda mu mujyi wa Anani. Ibice 125 hamwe na 198 Abahagarariye impande zose ziva muri Valve 88, 8 Ubushakashatsi bwa Siyansi, 8 Ubushakashatsi bwo Gushushanya, 13 Imashini z'intara no Abakoresha n'abakoresha bamwe bitabiriye inama. Iyi nama yafashe icyemezo cyo kugarura imiryango yombi yinganda nubushakashatsi bwubwenge, kandi atorerwa abashinzwe itsinda ryitsinda ryubushakashatsi, hamwe nitsinda ryubushakashatsi bwanditseho. Iyi nama kandi yaganiriye kandi yiga ibibazo bijyanye na "bitatu bishakishwa", kunoza ibicuruzwa ubuziranenge, Ubushakashatsi bwa tekiniki, kugabana ibicuruzwa n'ibikorwa by'ubutasi. Kuva icyo gihe, ibikorwa byubutasi nubutasi byahagaritswe imyaka itandatu. Izi ngamba zagize uruhare runini mugutezimbere umusaruro wa valve no guhindura ibintu mugihe gito.

2. Ongera ukore ibikorwa byumuryango hamwe no guhana amakuru

Nyuma yinama ya Kaifeng mu 1972, amatsinda yinganda yongeye ibikorwa byabo. Muri kiriya gihe, ingamba 72 gusa ni zo zitabiriye ishyirahamwe ry'inganda, kandi inganda nyinshi za Valve zari zari zitaragira uruhare mu ishyirahamwe ry'inganda. Kugirango dutegure inganda nyinshi zishoboka, buri karere kategura ibikorwa byunganda. Shenyang Hejuru kandi Yiciriritse Valve Uruganda, Beijing Valve Uruganda, Uruganda rwa Shanghai, Uruganda rwa Wuhan Valve,Uruganda rwa Tiajin, Ganssu Uruganda rwinshi kandi ruciriritse, na Zigong Uruganda rwinshi rwa ZIGONG rufite inshingano zo mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba, mu majyaruguru y'ubushinwa, mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba, mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba, mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba, n'uturere two mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba. Muri kiriya gihe, ibikorwa bya valve n'ibikorwa by'ubutasi byari bitandukanye kandi byera, kandi byari bikunzwe cyane n'inganda mu nganda. Kubera iterambere ryibikorwa byinganda, kungurana ibitekerezo kenshi, gufashanya kenshi no kwiga kwiyubakira gusa, ntabwo biteza imbere ubumwe nubucuti bwagize ingaruka mbi, hamwe no guhuza ibiganza kandi bikura.

3. Kora "bitatu bigezweho" bicuruzwa bya valve

Dukurikije umwuka w'inama ebyiri za KaifeNG hamwe n'ibitekerezo bya Biro ya Minisiteri iremereye kandi rusange, ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi muri rusange imashini kizongera gutererana intera nini "inkunga eshatu" mu bikorwa bifatika mu nganda. Igikorwa cya "bitatu bigezweho" ni umurimo wingenzi wa tekiniki, nikihe gipimo cyiza cyo kwihutisha guhindura tekinoroji yibigo no kunoza urwego rwibicuruzwa bya valve. Valve "itatu igezweho" ikora ikora akurikije "ibintu bine byiza" (byoroshye gukoresha, byoroshye kubaka, byoroshye gusana no "guhuza ibipimo byiza. Ibikubiye mu mirimo bifite ibintu bitatu, umuntu ni uguswera ubwoko bwahujwe; ikindi nugusaba no kuvugurura icyiciro cyamahame ya tekiniki; icya gatatu nuguhitamo no kurangiza ibicuruzwa.

4. Ubushakashatsi bwa tekiniki bwateje imbere iterambere ry'ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi

.) Mu 1971, abashakashatsi ba siyansi basubiye mu ikipe umwe umwe, maze laboratoire y'ubushakashatsi yiyongereye kugera ku bantu barenga 30, kandi yashinzwe na Minisiteri yo gutegura ubushakashatsi bwa tekiniki. Laboratoire yoroshye yubatswe, igikoresho cyo kurwanya ikizamini cyashyizwe ahagaragara, hamwe nigitutu cyihariye, gupakira hamwe nizindi mashini zipimisha zarateguwe kandi zikorwa, nubushakashatsi bwa tekiniki ku buso bwa kashe no gupakira byatangiye.

.) Muri bo, hari ibintu 8 byo gutunganya ubushyuhe, ibintu 16 byo hejuru, ibintu 6 byo gupakira, ikintu cy'igikoresho cy'amashanyarazi, hamwe n'ibizamini 6 by'ibizamini no kugeragezwa. Nyuma, mu kigo cy'ubushakashatsi bw'Ubushakashatsi bwa Harbin Ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi cya Muhan, n'ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi muri wefei gishinzwe gutegura no guharanira inyungu z'ibanze, ndetse no kungurana ibitekerezo. Umurimo w'ubushakashatsi mu tekinike, wateje imbere iterambere ry'ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi mu nganda za Valve. Ibisubizo byingenzi ni ibi bikurikira:

1) Gukemura hejuru ya kashe. Ubushakashatsi bwo hejuru bwo hejuru bugamije gukemura ikibazo cyo kumeneka kwimberevalve. Muri kiriya gihe, ibikoresho byo hejuru hejuru cyane cyane 20cr13 na 12cr18NI9, byari bifite ubukana buke, ibibazo bibi byambara, hamwe nibibazo bikomeye byimbere mubikorwa bya valve, nubuzima bugufi. Shenyang Valve Institute Institute Institus Insticut Insticut Insticut Insticute Uruganda rwa Baniler na Harbin rwashizeho itsinda ry'abashakashatsi batatu. Nyuma yimyaka 2 yakazi gakomeye, ubwoko bushya bwa chrome-manganese hejuru yibikoresho byo hejuru (20cr12Mo8) byatejwe imbere. Ibikoresho bifite imikorere myiza. Kurwanya neza, ubuzima burebure, kandi nta nackal na chromium nkeya, ibikoresho birashobora gushingira ku mashini yo mu rugo, nyuma yo gusuzuma tekinike, bifite agaciro cyane mu kuzamurwa mu ntera.

2) kuzuza ubushakashatsi. Intego yubushakashatsi bwo gupakira nugukemura ikibazo cya valve. Muri kiriya gihe, gupakira Valve byari ahanini ahanini na asibesitosi na reberi asibetosi, kandi imikorere y'ikidodo yari umukene, wateje impande zikomeye. Mu 1967, ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi muri rusange imashini cyateguye itsinda ry'iperereza ryo hanze kugira ngo rikore iperereza ku bimera bimwe na bimwe bya shimi, ibihingwa by'amavuta, hanyuma bigakorwa ubushakashatsi bwo kurwanya peteroli ku gupakira na valve ibiti.

3) Kwipimisha ibicuruzwa hamwe nubushakashatsi bwibanze. Mugihe ukora ubushakashatsi bwa tekiniki,Inganda za ValveKandi bikozwe cyane kubikorwa byo kwipimisha ibicuruzwa hamwe nubushakashatsi bwibanze, kandi bwageze kuri byinshi.

5. Kora ihinduka ry'ikoranabuhanga ry'ibigo

Nyuma yinama ya Kaifeng mu 1973, inganda zose zakoze ihinduka ryikoranabuhanga. Ibibazo nyamukuru biriho mu nganda za Valve muri kiriya gihe: Icya mbere, inzira yari inyuma, amagare yakozwe mu maboko, ibikoresho bimwe, hamwe na fagitire imwe, hamwe na porogaramu rusange yakoreshejwe muri rusange ikora. Ni ukubera ko ubwoko nuburyo bwa buri ruganda bwiyongereye cyane, kandi umubare ni munini mugihugu cyose, ariko nyuma yo gukwirakwiza buri ruganda, umusaruro ni muto cyane, bigira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwo gutanga umusaruro. Mu gusubiza ibibazo byavuzwe haruguru, Biro iremereye kandi rusange ya Minisiteri ya mbere ishyiraho ingamba zikurikira: Tegura ingamba zihari kandi ziciriritse zishingiye ku igenamigambi rihari, ugabanye imirimo ihuriweho, no kwagura umusaruro mwinshi; Emera ikoranabuhanga ryiza, shiraho imirongo yumusaruro, kandi ifatanya mubimwe by'ingenzi n'ubusa. 4 Shyira ibyuma byumusaruro wubusa byashizweho mumahugurwa yicyuma, kandi imirongo 10 yo gutunganya ibinyabiziga ikonje yibice yashinzwe mubiciro bitandatu byingenzi; Miliyoni 52 zose zahujwe mu guhindura ikoranabuhanga.

. Gutembera neza birashobora kumenya ko chip-gake cyangwa hamwe na chip-kubuntu. Birakwiriye irembo, gupakira gland hamwe numubiri wa valve na bonne ya diameter ntoya, ifite inyungu zubukungu. Mu 1969, Uruganda rwa Shanghai Lianggong rwabanje gukoresha neza gahunda yo gutangiza Valve, ku mubiri wa PN16, umubiri wa DN50,

. Nko mu 1964, Shanghai valve No 7 Uruganda rwateguwe kandi rukorerwa FALVE SHAKA UMUBIKORWA BY'UMUZIRA, niwo murongo wa mbere wihariye wa Verve Umusaruro wa Semi-Automatic mu nganda. Nyuma yaho, Shanghai Valve No 5 Uruganda rwagenewe kandi rukorerwa umurongo wa kimwe cya kabiri cya DN5 ~ dn100 umuvuduko-wigitutu cyijimye.

6. Gutezimbere cyane ubwoko bushya kandi mutezimbere urwego rwuzuye

Mu rwego rwo kuzuza ibikenewe mu buryo bunini bw'ibikoresho nk'ibikoresho bya peteroli, inganda zamashanyarazi, inganda za peteroli, inganda za Valve ziteza imbere ibicuruzwa bishya icyarimwe ihinduka ry'ibicuruzwa bya valve.

03 Incamake

Dushubije amaso inyuma ku 1967-1978, iterambere ryavalve Inganda zigeze zigira ingaruka cyane. Kubera iterambere ryihuse rya peteroli, imbaraga za mitique, amashanyarazi, metallurgiy ninganda zidasanzwe, umuvuduko mwinshi kandi uciriritse kandi uciriritse uhinduka "ibicuruzwa byigihe gito". Mu 1972, umuryango wa valve watangiye gukomeza no gukora ibikorwa. Nyuma yinama ebyiri za Kaifeng, zikorwa cyane "eshatu zikinisha" nubushakashatsi bwa tekiniki, guhora hahinduka tekiniki mu nganda zose. Mu 1975, inganda za Valve zatangiye gukosora, kandi umusaruro winganda wahinduye neza.

Mu 1973, Komisiyo ishinzwe igenamigambi ryemeje ingamba zo kongera umusaruro w'igitutu kinini kandi giciriritseindangagaciro. Nyuma yishoramari, inganda za Valve zakoze ibintu bishobora guhinduka. Binyuze mu guhindura ikoranabuhanga no kuzamurwa mu ntera, hafashwe ikoranabuhanga ryateye imbere, ku buryo urwego rwo gutunganya ubukonje mu nganda zose rwatejwe imbere ku rugero runaka, kandi urwego rwamashini rutunganya ubushyuhe rwateye imbere ku rugero runaka. Nyuma yo guteza imbere uburyo bwo gusunika muri Plasma, Ubwiza bw'igicuruzwa cy'imiterere kandi iciriritse burambuye byinshi byatejwe imbere cyane, kandi ikibazo cya "imwe ngufi kandi ebyiri" na byo byatejwe imbere. Hamwe no kurangiza no gukora ibipimo ngenderwaho 32 by'ibikorwa remezo, inganda za Valve z'Ubushinwa zifite umusingi ukomeye kandi ubushobozi bwinshi. Kuva mu 1970, ibisohoka byo hejuru kandi biciriritse binterants byakomeje kwiyongera. Kuva mu 1972 kugeza 1975, ibisohoka byiyongereye kuva ku ya 21,284t kugeza kuri 38.500, hamwe no kwiyongera kwa interineti 170, bihwanye n'umuvuduko ngarukamwaka mu myaka 4 70 kugeza 80.000. Muri iki gihe,valve Inganda zikomeye zateye imbere ibicuruzwa bishya, ntabwo ari ubwoko bw'intego rusange gusa byateguwe cyane, ariko nanone ultra-Inganda zidasanzwe, Aeropace n'izindi ntego zidasanzwe nazo zateye imbere cyane. Niba imyaka 1960 yari igihe cyiterambere ryingenzi bwintego rusange, hanyuma imyaka ya za 70 yari igihe cyiterambere ryinshi ryintego zidasanzwe. Ubushobozi bwo gushyigikirwaindangagaciro yateye imbere cyane, niho haterana ibintu by'iterambere by'imirenge itandukanye y'ubukungu bw'igihugu.