Kugwa kwangirika ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi biteravalvekwangirika. Bityo rero, murivalvekurinda, kurwanya ingese mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi ni ikibazo cy'ingenzi cyo gusuzuma.
Valveisura y'ubukonje
Kwangirika kw'ibyuma ahanini guterwa no kwangirika kw'ibinyabutabire n'ibinyabutabire by'amashanyarazi, naho kwangirika kw'ibikoresho bitari iby'icyuma muri rusange guterwa n'ibikorwa byabyo bitaziguye bya shimi n'ibinyabutabire.
1. Gushwanyagurika kw'ibinyabutabire
Mu gihe nta muyoboro w'amashanyarazi ukorwa, icyuma gikikije gikorana n'icyuma kikagisenya, nko kwangirika kw'icyuma giterwa na gaze yumye ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuti utari uwa electrolytic.
2. Gushwanyagurika kwa Galvanic
Icyuma kiba gihuye n'umuyoboro wa electrolyte, bigatuma electron zigenda, ibyo bigatuma zangirika bitewe n'imikorere ya electrochemical, ari na yo mpamvu nyamukuru ya corruption.
Ingeso isanzwe y’umunyu ushingiye kuri aside, ingeso isanzwe y’ikirere, ingeso y’ubutaka, ingeso y’amazi yo mu nyanja, ingeso y’udukoko, ingeso y’imyanda n’imyanya y’icyuma kitagira umugese, nibindi, byose ni ingeso y’amashanyarazi. Ingeso y’amashanyarazi ntibaho gusa hagati y’ibintu bibiri bishobora kugira uruhare mu bya shimi, ahubwo inatanga itandukaniro rishoboka bitewe n’itandukaniro ry’ingano y’umusemburo, itandukaniro ry’ingano ya ogisijeni ikikije, itandukaniro rito mu miterere y’ikintu, nibindi, kandi ikabona imbaraga z’ingeso, ku buryo icyuma gifite ubushobozi buke n’aho izuba ryumye biherereye bitakaza.
Igipimo cy'ingufu mu mvange
Igipimo cya corruption gishobora kugabanywamo ibice bitandatu:
(1) Irwanya ingese burundu: igipimo cya ingese kiri munsi ya 0.001 mm / umwaka
(2) Irwanya ingese cyane: igipimo cya ingese ni 0.001 kugeza 0.01 mm / umwaka
(3) Ubudahangarwa bwa ruswa: igipimo cya ruswa kiri hagati ya 0.01 na 0.1 mm / umwaka
(4) Irwanya ingese: igipimo cya ingese ni 0.1 kugeza 1.0 mm / umwaka
(5) Ubudahangarwa bubi bwo kwangirika: igipimo cya kwangirika kiri hagati ya mm 1.0 na 10 ku mwaka
(6) Ntirihangana n'ingese: igipimo cy'ingese kiri hejuru ya mm 10 ku mwaka
Ingamba icyenda zo kurwanya ingese
1. Hitamo ibikoresho birwanya ingese ukurikije uburyo birwanya ingese
Mu musaruro nyawo, ingese y'icyuma gikoreshwa mu buryo busanzwe iragoye cyane, nubwo ibikoresho bya valve bikoreshwa mu buryo bumwe ari bimwe, ubwinshi, ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko w'icyuma biratandukanye, kandi ingese y'icyuma gikoreshwa mu buryo bujyanye n'ibikoresho ntabwo ari imwe. Kuri buri kwiyongera kwa dogere selisiyusi 10 mu bushyuhe buringaniye, igipimo cy'ingese cyiyongeraho inshuro 1-3.
Igipimo kiri hagati gifite ingaruka zikomeye ku kwangirika kw'ibikoresho bya valve, nk'uko icyuma cy'icyuma kiri muri aside sulfuriki ifite igipimo gito, ingese iba nto cyane, kandi iyo igipimo kirenze 96%, ingese irazamuka cyane. Icyuma cya karuboni, ku rundi ruhande, gifite ingese ikomeye cyane iyo igipimo cya aside sulfuriki kiri hafi 50%, kandi iyo igipimo cyiyongereye kikagera kuri 60%, ingese igabanuka cyane. Urugero, aluminiyumu irangirika cyane muri aside nitrike ifite igipimo kirenze 80%, ariko irangirika cyane mu gipimo kiri hagati n'icya hasi cya aside nitrike, kandi icyuma kidashonga kirarwanya cyane gushonga aside nitrike, ariko irushaho kwiyongera muri aside nitrike ifite igipimo kirenze 95%.
Dukurikije ingero zavuzwe haruguru, bigaragara ko guhitamo neza ibikoresho bya valve bigomba gushingira ku mimerere runaka, gusesengura ibintu bitandukanye bigira ingaruka ku ingese, no guhitamo ibikoresho hakurikijwe amabwiriza agenga kurwanya ingese.
2. Koresha ibikoresho bitari iby'icyuma
Ubudahangarwa ku bushyuhe butari ubw'icyuma ni bwiza cyane, igihe cyose ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko wa valve byujuje ibisabwa ku bikoresho bitari ibyuma, ntibishobora gukemura ikibazo cya corruption gusa, ahubwo binafasha mu kurokora ibyuma by'agaciro. Igice cy'icyuma gifunga, bonnet, umupira, ubuso bwo gufunga n'ibindi bikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa bitari ibyuma birakorwa.
Plasitiki nka PTFE na polyether ya chlorine, hamwe na rubber karemano, neoprene, rubber ya nitrile n'izindi rubber zikoreshwa mu gushyiramo valve, kandi igice kinini cy'ingofero y'umubiri wa valve gikozwe mu cyuma gishongeshejwe n'icyuma cya karuboni. Ntabwo ari byo gusa byemeza imbaraga za valve, ahubwo binatuma valve idashonga.
Muri iki gihe, hakoreshwa plastike nyinshi nka nylon na PTFE, kandi plastike karemano na plastike zikozwe mu buryo bwa sintetike zikoreshwa mu gukora ahantu hatandukanye ho gufunga no gufunga, bikoreshwa ku mavali atandukanye. Ibi bikoresho bitari iby'icyuma bikoreshwa nk'ubuso bwo gufunga ntabwo bifite gusa ubudahangarwa bwiza bwo kwangirika, ahubwo binafite ubushobozi bwiza bwo gufunga, ibyo bikaba bikwiye cyane cyane gukoreshwa mu buryo bwo gufunga bufite uduce duto. Birumvikana ko bidakomeye cyane kandi birwanya ubushyuhe, kandi uburyo bwo kubikoresha ni buke.
3. Gutunganya ubuso bw'icyuma
(1) Guhuza Valve: Isnake ihuza Valve ikunze kuvurwa hakoreshejwe galvanizing, chrome plated, na oxidation (ubururu) kugira ngo yongere ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese iri mu kirere n'iri hagati. Uretse uburyo bwavuzwe haruguru, izindi fasteners nazo zivurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuvura ubuso nka fosfati bitewe n'uko ibintu bimeze.
(2) Gufunga ubuso n'ibice bifunze bifite umurambararo muto: ibikorwa byo hejuru nko gusiga nitride na boronizing bikoreshwa mu kunoza uburyo bwo kurwanya ingese no kudashira.
(3) Uburyo bwo kurwanya ingese: gukoresha nitriding, boronization, chrome plating, nickel plating n'izindi nzira zo gutunganya ubuso zikoreshwa cyane mu kunoza uburyo bwo kurwanya ingese, kurwanya ingese no kurwanya ingese.
Uburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya ubuso bugomba kuba bukwiriye ibikoresho bitandukanye by’imiti n’ahantu hakorerwa, mu kirere, ikirere gikoresha umwuka w’amazi n’igishishwa cyo gupakira cya asbestos, gishobora gukoresha chrome plating ikomeye, gazi nitriding (icyuma kidakoresha irangi ntikigomba gukoresha ion nitriding): mu kirere gikoresha hydrogen sulfide, electroplating ifite fosifore nyinshi ya nickel ifite ubushobozi bwo kurinda; 38CrMOAIA ishobora kandi kurwanya ingese kubera ion na gaz nitriding, ariko chrome plating ikomeye ntikwiriye gukoreshwa; 2Cr13 ishobora kurwanya ingese ya ammonia nyuma yo kuzimya no gushyushya, kandi icyuma cya karuboni gikoresha gazi nitriding gishobora kandi kurwanya ingese ya ammonia, mu gihe ibice byose bya phosphore-nickel plating bidahangana na ammonia, kandi gazi nitriding 38CrMOAIA ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese kandi ikora neza, kandi ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora amashami ya valve.
(4) Umubiri w'agapira gato n'uruziga rw'amaboko: Akenshi kandi gaterwa na chrome kugira ngo kongere ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese no gushariza agapira.
4. Gutera ubushyuhe
Gutera ubushyuhe ni uburyo bwo gutegura irangi, kandi bwabaye bumwe mu buryo bushya bwo kurinda ubuso bw'ibikoresho. Ni uburyo bwo gukomeza ubuso bukoresha amasoko y'ubushyuhe bwinshi (urumuri rutwika gazi, arc y'amashanyarazi, arc ya plasma, gushyushya amashanyarazi, guturika kwa gazi, nibindi) kugira ngo bashyushye kandi bashongeshe ibyuma cyangwa ibikoresho bitari ibyuma, hanyuma babitere ku buso bw'ibanze bwavuwe mbere mu buryo bwa atome kugira ngo hakorwe irangi rya spray, cyangwa bashyushye ubuso bw'ibanze icyarimwe, kugira ngo irangi ryongere rishonge ku buso bw'ubutaka kugira ngo hakorwe uburyo bwo gukomeza ubuso bw'urwego rwo gusudira spray.
Ibyuma byinshi n'ibyuma byabyo, ibumba rya okiside y'icyuma, ibyuma bivanze na cermet n'ibindi byuma bikomeye bishobora gusigwa ku byuma cyangwa ibitari ibyuma hakoreshejwe uburyo bumwe cyangwa bwinshi bwo gutera ubushyuhe, bishobora kunoza uburyo bwo kurwanya ingese ku buso, kudashira, kudakomera ku bushyuhe bwinshi n'ibindi, no kongera igihe cyo gukora. Gutera ubushyuhe hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga ryihariye, hamwe n'ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe budasanzwe (cyangwa amashanyarazi adasanzwe), gufunga neza, kwisiga, imirasire y'ubushyuhe, kurinda amashanyarazi n'ibindi by'umwihariko, gukoresha uburyo bwo gutera ubushyuhe bishobora gusana ibice.
5. Irangi ryo gusukura
Gusiga irangi ni uburyo bukoreshwa cyane mu kurwanya ingese, kandi ni ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu kurwanya ingese n'ikimenyetso kiranga ibikoresho bya valve. Gusiga irangi kandi ni ibikoresho bitari ibyuma, ubusanzwe bikozwe muri resin y'ubukorikori, urusenda rwa rubber, amavuta y'ibimera, solvent, nibindi, bitwikira icyuma, bigatandukanya ikirere n'umwuka, kandi bikagera ku ntego yo kurwanya ingese.
Irangi rikoreshwa cyane cyane mu mazi, mu mazi y'umunyu, mu mazi yo mu nyanja, mu kirere n'ahandi hantu hatari hangiritse cyane. Umwobo w'imbere w'ikirahure ukunze gusigwa irangi rirwanya kwangirika kugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi, umwuka n'ibindi bikoresho byangiza ikirahure.
6. Ongeraho imiti igabanya ingese
Uburyo imiti igabanya ingese ikoresha mu kugenzura ingese ni uko ituma bateri irushaho guhindagurika. Imiti igabanya ingese ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu byuma bicukura no mu byuma bicukura. Kongeramo imiti igabanya ingese mu byuma bishobora kugabanya ingese ku bikoresho n'amavali, nk'icyuma gikozwe muri chromium-nickel muri aside sulfurike idafite ogisijeni, ihinduka mu buryo bunini mu gihe cyo gutwika, ingese ni mbi cyane, ariko kongeramo ingano nto ya sulfate y'umuringa cyangwa aside nitrike n'izindi ogisijeni, bishobora gutuma icyuma gikozwe muri electron kihinduka nk'ikintu kidakora neza, ubuso bw'icyuma gikingira kugira ngo hirindwe ingese, muri aside hydrochloric, iyo hongewemo ingano nto ya ogisijeni, ingese ya titaniyumu ishobora kugabanuka.
Ikizamini cy'umuvuduko wa valve gikunze gukoreshwa nk'uburyo bwo gupima umuvuduko, ibyo bikaba byoroshye gutera ingese kuvalve, no kongeramo nitrite ya sodiyumu mu mazi bishobora gukumira kwangirika kwa valve bitewe n'amazi. Gupakira asbestos birimo chloride, yangiza cyane igiti cya valve, kandi ingano ya chloride ishobora kugabanuka iyo uburyo bwo koza amazi ashyushye bukoreshejwe, ariko ubu buryo buragoye cyane kubushyira mu bikorwa, kandi ntibushobora gukundwa muri rusange, kandi bukwiriye gusa ku bintu byihariye bikenewe.
Mu rwego rwo kurinda igiti cya valve no gukumira kwangirika kw'ipaki ya asbestos, mu ipaki ya asbestos, ikingira kwangirika n'icyuma gitwikiriye bitwikiriwe ku ruti rwa valve, ikingira kwangirika igizwe na sodium nitrite na sodium chromate, bishobora gukora filime yo gufunga ku buso bw'igiti cya valve no kunoza ubudahangarwa bw'ipaki ya valve, kandi solvent ishobora gutuma igabanya kwangirika buhoro buhoro ikagira uruhare mu gusiga amavuta; Mu by'ukuri, zinc nayo ni igabanya kwangirika, ishobora kubanza guhuzwa na chloride muri asbestos, bityo chloride n'uburyo icyuma gihurirana na yo bigabanuke cyane, kugira ngo intego yo kurwanya kwangirika igerweho.
7. Uburinzi bw'amashanyarazi
Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'uburinzi bwa elegitoroniki: uburinzi bwa anode n'uburinzi bwa cathodic. Iyo zinc ikoreshejwe mu kurinda icyuma, zinc irangirika, zinc yitwa sacrifice metal, mu ikorwa, uburinzi bwa anode bukoreshwa gake, uburinzi bwa cathodic bukoreshwa cyane. Ubu buryo bwo kurinda cathodic bukoreshwa kuri valve nini na valve z'ingenzi, bukaba ari uburyo buhendutse, bworoshye kandi bufite akamaro, kandi zinc yongerwa ku gipfunyika cya asbestos kugira ngo ikingire igiti cya valve.
8. Kugenzura ibidukikije byangiza
Icyitwa ibidukikije gifite ubwoko bubiri bw'ubusobanuro bwagutse n'ubw'ubusobanuro buciriritse, ubusobanuro bwagutse bw'ibidukikije bivuga ibidukikije bikikije aho valve ishyirwa n'uburyo bwo kuyizenguruka imbere, naho ubusobanuro buciriritse bw'ibidukikije bivuga imiterere ikikije aho valve ishyirwa.
Ahantu henshi hadakoreshwa uburyo bwo kugenzura ibidukikije, kandi inzira zo kubikora ntizishobora guhinduka uko byakabaye. Gusa mu gihe nta cyangiritse ku bicuruzwa n'uburyo bikorerwa, uburyo bwo kugenzura ibidukikije bushobora gukoreshwa, nko gukura ogisijeni mu mazi ya boiler, kongeramo alkali mu buryo bwo gutunganya amavuta kugira ngo hakosorwe agaciro ka PH, nibindi. Muri uru rwego, kongeramo imiti igabanya ingese no kurinda amashanyarazi byavuzwe haruguru nabyo ni uburyo bwo kugenzura ibidukikije birwanya ingese.
Ikirere cyuzuyemo ivumbi, umwuka w’amazi n’umwotsi, cyane cyane mu bikorerwamo, nk’amazi y’umucanga, imyuka y’uburozi n’ifu nziza isohoka mu bikoresho, ibyo bikazatera ingese zitandukanye kuri vali. Umukoresha agomba gusukura no gusukura vali no kongeramo lisansi buri gihe hakurikijwe amabwiriza y’imikorere, ibi bikaba ari ingamba nziza yo kurwanya ingese ku bidukikije. Gushyira igipfundikizo kirinda ibidukikije ku giti cya vali, gushyiraho aho batemesha vali yo hasi, no gutera irangi ku buso bwa vali byose ni uburyo bwo gukumira ibintu byangiza kwangiza.valve.
Ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe n'ihumana ry'ikirere, cyane cyane ku bikoresho na za vali mu bidukikije bifunze, bizihutisha ingese, kandi hagomba gukoreshwa uburyo bwose bushoboka bwo gukaraba cyangwa gukoresha uburyo bwo guhumeka no gukonjesha kugira ngo bigabanye ingese mu bidukikije.
9. Kunoza ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya no gutunganya valve
Uburinzi bwo kurwanya ingese bwavalveNi ikibazo cyatekerejweho kuva mu ntangiriro y’igishushanyo mbonera, kandi ibicuruzwa bya valve bifite imiterere ikwiye n’uburyo bwo gutunganya neza nta gushidikanya ko bizagira ingaruka nziza mu kugabanya umuvuduko w’ingufu za valve. Kubwibyo, ishami rishinzwe igishushanyo mbonera n’inganda rigomba kunoza ibice bidakwiye mu miterere y’imiterere, uburyo bwo gutunganya butari bwo kandi byoroshye gutera ingese, kugira ngo bihuzwe n’ibisabwa mu mikorere itandukanye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-22-2025
