Ruswa nikimwe mubintu byingenzi biteraindangaibyangiritse. Kubwibyo, muriindangakurinda, valve irwanya ruswa nikibazo cyingenzi tugomba gusuzuma.
AgaciroIfishi
Kwangirika kwibyuma biterwa ahanini no kwangirika kwimiti no kwangirika kwamashanyarazi, kandi kwangirika kwibikoresho bitari ubutare muri rusange biterwa nibikorwa byimiti nubumubiri.
1. Ruswa
Ukurikije ko nta muyagankuba ubyara, igikoresho gikikije gisubiza mu buryo butaziguye icyuma kandi kiragisenya, nko kwangirika kwicyuma na gaze yumye yubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe nigisubizo kitari electrolytike.
2. Ruswa ya Galvanic
Icyuma gihura na electrolyte, bikavamo umuvuduko wa electron, bigatuma ubwayo yangizwa nigikorwa cyamashanyarazi, nuburyo nyamukuru bwo kwangirika.
Amavuta asanzwe ashingiye kumyunyu ngugu, kwangirika kwikirere, kwangirika kwubutaka, kwangirika kwamazi yo mu nyanja, kwangirika kwa mikorobe, kwangirika kwangirika hamwe no kwangirika kwicyuma kitagira umwanda, nibindi, byose ni ruswa yamashanyarazi. Amashanyarazi yangirika ntaboneka gusa hagati yibintu bibiri bishobora kugira uruhare mu miti, ahubwo binatanga itandukaniro rishobora guterwa bitewe nubusumbane bwibisubizo byumuti, itandukaniro ryibanze rya ogisijeni ikikije, itandukaniro rito mumiterere yibintu, nibindi, kandi ikabona imbaraga za ruswa, kuburyo ibyuma bifite ubushobozi buke hamwe nicyapa cyizuba cyumye cyatakaye.
Igipimo cya ruswa
Igipimo cya ruswa gishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitandatu:
(1) Kurwanya ruswa rwose: igipimo cya ruswa kiri munsi ya 0.001 mm / mwaka
(2) Kurwanya ruswa cyane: igipimo cya ruswa 0.001 kugeza 0,01 mm / umwaka
(3) Kurwanya ruswa: igipimo cya ruswa 0.01 kugeza 0.1 mm / umwaka
(4) Biracyaza kwihanganira ruswa: igipimo cya ruswa 0.1 kugeza 1.0 mm / mwaka
(5) Kurwanya ruswa nabi: igipimo cya ruswa 1.0 kugeza 10 mm / mwaka
(6) Ntabwo irwanya ruswa: igipimo cyangirika kirenze mm 10 / umwaka
Ingamba icyenda zo kurwanya ruswa
1. Hitamo ibikoresho birwanya ruswa ukurikije uburyo bubora
Mu musaruro nyirizina, kwangirika kwikigereranyo biragoye cyane, kabone niyo ibikoresho bya valve bikoreshwa muburyo bumwe ari bimwe, kwibumbira hamwe, ubushyuhe nigitutu cyikigereranyo biratandukanye, kandi kwangirika kwicyuma kubintu ntabwo ari bimwe. Kuri buri 10 ° C kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe bwo hagati, igipimo cya ruswa cyiyongera inshuro 1 ~ 3.
Ubushuhe buciriritse bugira uruhare runini mu kwangirika kw'ibikoresho bya valve, nk'isasu riri muri acide sulfurike hamwe na concentration nkeya, ruswa iba nto cyane, kandi iyo intumbero irenze 96%, ruswa irazamuka cyane. Ibyuma bya karubone, kurundi ruhande, bifite ruswa ikomeye cyane iyo aside irike ya sulfurike igera kuri 50%, kandi iyo intumbero yiyongereye ikarenga 60%, ruswa igabanuka cyane. Kurugero, aluminiyumu irashobora kwangirika cyane muri acide ya nitricike yibumbiye hamwe hejuru ya 80%, ariko irashobora kwangirika cyane muburyo bwa acide ya nitricike kandi ntoya, kandi ibyuma bitagira umwanda birwanya cyane aside nitricike, ariko bikabije muri acide ya nitric irenga 95%.
Duhereye ku ngero zavuzwe haruguru, birashobora kugaragara ko guhitamo neza ibikoresho bya valve bigomba gushingira kumiterere yihariye, gusesengura ibintu bitandukanye bigira ingaruka kuri ruswa, no guhitamo ibikoresho ukurikije imfashanyigisho zijyanye no kurwanya ruswa.
2. Koresha ibikoresho bitari ibyuma
Kurwanya ruswa idashobora kwangirika ni byiza, mugihe cyose ubushyuhe nigitutu cya valve byujuje ibisabwa mubikoresho bitari ibyuma, ntibishobora gukemura ikibazo cyangirika gusa, ahubwo binabika ibyuma byagaciro. Umubiri wa valve, bonnet, umurongo, gufunga hejuru nibindi bikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa bitari ibyuma bikozwe.
Plastike nka PTFE na chlorine polyether, hamwe na reberi karemano, neoprene, reberi ya nitrile nizindi reberi zikoreshwa mugutondekanya valve, naho umubiri wingenzi wa bonne umubiri wa bonnet ugizwe nicyuma nicyuma cya karubone. Ntabwo yemeza gusa imbaraga za valve, ahubwo inemeza ko valve itangirika.
Muri iki gihe, plastike nyinshi ninshi nka nylon na PTFE zirakoreshwa, naho reberi karemano hamwe na reberi ya sintetike ikoreshwa mugukora ibintu bitandukanye bifunga kashe hamwe nimpeta zifunga, zikoreshwa kumibande itandukanye. Ibi bikoresho bitari ibyuma bikoreshwa nko gufunga hejuru ntibishobora gusa kurwanya ruswa, ariko kandi bifite imikorere myiza yo gufunga, bikwiriye cyane cyane gukoreshwa mubitangazamakuru bifite ibice. Birumvikana ko zidakomeye kandi zidashobora guhangana nubushyuhe, kandi urwego rwo gusaba ni ruto.
3. Kuvura ibyuma
. Usibye uburyo bwavuzwe haruguru, izindi fata zifatwa nubuvuzi bwo hejuru nka fosifati ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze.
.
.
Uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura bugomba kuba bukwiye kubikoresho bitandukanye hamwe nibidukikije bikora, mukirere, umwuka wumuyaga wamazi hamwe na asibesitosi bipakira uruti, birashobora gukoresha plaque ya chrome ikomeye, inzira ya nitride ya gaze (ibyuma bitagira umwanda ntibigomba gukoresha inzira ya nitriding): mumashanyarazi ya hydrogène sulfide ikoresheje amashanyarazi ya fosifore nikel ikora neza; 38CrMOAIA irashobora kandi kwihanganira ruswa na ion na gaz nitride, ariko gutwikira chrome ikomeye ntibikwiriye gukoreshwa; 2Cr13 irashobora kurwanya ruswa ya ammonia nyuma yo kuzimya no gutwarwa, kandi ibyuma bya karubone ukoresheje nitride ya gaze birashobora kandi kurwanya ruswa ya amoniya, mugihe ibyatsi byose bya fosifore-nikel bidashobora kwihanganira kwangirika kwa amoniya, kandi gaze nitride ya 38CrMOAIA ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa kandi ikora neza, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mugukora valve.
.
4. Gutera ubushyuhe
Gutera amashyuza nuburyo bwuburyo bwo gutegura ibifuniko, kandi byabaye bumwe muburyo bushya bwo kurinda ibintu. Nuburyo bwo gushimangira ubuso bukoresha ingufu zubushyuhe bwinshi (flame yaka umuriro, arc arc, plasma arc, gushyushya amashanyarazi, guturika gazi, nibindi) kugirango ushushe kandi ushongeshe ibyuma cyangwa ibikoresho bitari ibyuma, hanyuma ubisuke hejuru yubutaka bwateganijwe muburyo bwa atomisation kugirango ube umuringa wa spray, cyangwa ushushe hejuru yubutaka kugirango ushire hejuru yubutaka kugirango ushire hejuru yubutaka.
Ibyuma byinshi hamwe nibisigazwa byayo, ceramics yicyuma, cermet compte hamwe nicyuma gikomeye gishobora gutwikirwa kubutaka bwicyuma cyangwa butari ibyuma hakoreshejwe uburyo bumwe cyangwa bwinshi bwo gutera amashyanyarazi, bushobora kunoza ubukana bwangirika, kwambara nabi, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi nibindi bintu, kandi bikongerera igihe cyumurimo. Gutera ubushuhe budasanzwe bwo gutwika, hamwe no kubika ubushyuhe, kubika (cyangwa amashanyarazi adasanzwe), gufunga gusya, kwiyitirira amavuta, imirasire yumuriro, gukingira amashanyarazi hamwe nibindi bintu bidasanzwe, gukoresha imiti yumuriro birashobora gusana ibice.
5. Shira irangi
Ipitingi ni uburyo bukoreshwa cyane bwo kurwanya ruswa, kandi ni ikintu cyingirakamaro cyo kurwanya ruswa no kwerekana ibimenyetso ku bicuruzwa bya valve. Ipitingi kandi ni ibikoresho bitari ibyuma, ubusanzwe bikozwe mubisumizi, ibishishwa bya reberi, amavuta yimboga, ibishishwa, nibindi, bitwikiriye hejuru yicyuma, bitandukanya ikirere nikirere, kandi bigera kumigambi yo kurwanya ruswa.
Ipitingi ikoreshwa cyane cyane mumazi, amazi yumunyu, amazi yinyanja, ikirere nibindi bidukikije byangirika cyane. Umuyoboro w'imbere wa valve ukunze gusiga irangi rya anticorrosive kugirango wirinde amazi, umwuka nibindi bitangazamakuru kwangirika kuri valve
6. Ongeramo inhibitori ya ruswa
Uburyo bukoreshwa na ruswa ibuza kurwanya ruswa ni uko iteza polarisiyasi ya batiri. Inhibitori ya ruswa ikoreshwa cyane mubitangazamakuru no kuzuza. Kwiyongera kwangirika kwangirika kurwego bishobora kugabanya kwangirika kwibikoresho na valve, nka chromium-nikel ibyuma bitagira umwanda muri acide sulfurike itagira ogisijeni, urugero runini rwo gushiramo imirambo, ruswa irakomeye, ariko kongeramo umubare muto wa sulfate y'umuringa cyangwa acide ya nitric hamwe na okiside, bishobora gutuma ibyuma bitagira umwanda bihinduka kuri firime ya hydrocide ikabuza guhinduka. acide, niba hiyongereyeho okiside nkeya, ruswa ya titanium irashobora kugabanuka.
Ikizamini cyumuvuduko wikigereranyo gikoreshwa nkuburyo bwo kugerageza igitutu, byoroshye gutera ruswa yaindanga, no kongeramo sodium nitrite nkeya mumazi birashobora gukumira kwangirika kwamazi n'amazi. Gupakira asibesitosi irimo chloride, yangiza cyane igiti cya valve, kandi ibirimo chloride birashobora kugabanuka mugihe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo koza amazi yo mumazi, ariko ubu buryo buragoye kubushyira mubikorwa, kandi ntibushobora gukundwa muri rusange, kandi burakwiriye kubikenewe bidasanzwe.
Mu rwego rwo kurinda uruti rwa valve no kwirinda kwangirika kwipakira rya asibesitosi, mu gupakira asibesitosi, inhibitori ya ruswa hamwe nicyuma cyo gutamba bitwikiriye ku giti cya valve, inhibitor ya ruswa igizwe na nitrite ya sodium na sodium ya chromate, ishobora kubyara firime ya passiwasi hejuru yikibabi cya lisansi kandi igateza imbere kwangirika kwangirika kwangirika; Mubyukuri, zinc nayo irwanya ruswa, ishobora kubanza guhuza na chloride muri asibesitosi, kuburyo chloride hamwe nuburyo bwo guhura nicyuma bigabanuka cyane, kugirango bigere ku ntego yo kurwanya ruswa.
7. Kurinda amashanyarazi
Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwo kurinda amashanyarazi: kurinda anodic no kurinda catodiki. Niba zinc ikoreshwa mukurinda ibyuma, zinc irabora, zinc yitwa ibyuma byibitambo, mubikorwa byo gukora, kurinda anode bikoreshwa bike, kurinda catodiki bikoreshwa cyane. Ubu buryo bwo gukingira catodiki bukoreshwa kubibaya binini na valve byingenzi, nuburyo bwubukungu, bworoshye kandi bunoze, kandi zinc yongewe kumupaki wa asibesitosi kugirango urinde uruti.
8. Kugenzura ibidukikije byangirika
Ibyo bita ibidukikije bifite ubwoko bubiri bwubwenge bwagutse nubwenge buke, imyumvire yagutse yibidukikije yerekeza kubidukikije bikikije aho washyizwe na valve hamwe nuburyo bwo kuzenguruka imbere, kandi imyumvire mike yibidukikije yerekeza kumiterere ikikije aho washyizwe na valve.
Ibidukikije byinshi ntibishobora kugenzurwa, kandi inzira yumusaruro ntishobora guhinduka uko bishakiye. Gusa mu gihe nta cyangiritse ku bicuruzwa no ku bikorwa, hashobora gukoreshwa uburyo bwo kugenzura ibidukikije, nka deoxygene y’amazi abira, kongeramo alkali mu gutunganya amavuta kugira ngo uhindure agaciro ka PH, n'ibindi. Dufatiye kuri iyi ngingo, kongeramo ibiyobora ruswa ndetse no kurinda amashanyarazi byavuzwe haruguru na byo ni inzira yo kugenzura ibidukikije byangirika.
Ikirere cyuzuye umukungugu, imyuka y'amazi n'umwotsi, cyane cyane mubidukikije, nk'umwotsi w'umwotsi, imyuka y'ubumara hamwe n'ifu nziza itangwa n'ibikoresho, bizatera ruswa zitandukanye kuri valve. Umukoresha agomba guhora asukura kandi asukura valve na lisansi buri gihe akurikije ibiteganywa nuburyo bukoreshwa, kikaba ari ingamba zifatika zo kurwanya ruswa. Gushyira igifuniko cyo gukingira kuruti rwa valve, gushiraho ubutaka neza kuri valve yubutaka, no gusiga irangi hejuru ya valve ninzira zose zo gukumira ibintu byangirika kwangirikaindanga.
Ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe bw’ibidukikije hamwe n’umwanda uhumanya ikirere, cyane cyane ku bikoresho na valve ahantu hafunze, bizihutisha kwangirika kwabo, kandi amahugurwa afunguye cyangwa guhumeka no gukonjesha bigomba gukoreshwa uko bishoboka kose kugira ngo ibidukikije byangirika.
9. Kunoza tekinoroji yo gutunganya nuburyo bwa valve
Kurinda ruswa kurindaindangani ikibazo cyatekerejweho kuva cyatangira gushushanya, kandi ibicuruzwa bya valve bifite igishushanyo mbonera cyubatswe hamwe nuburyo bukwiye bizashidikanywaho nta gushidikanya bizagira ingaruka nziza mugutinda kwangirika kwa valve. Ishami rishinzwe igishushanyo mbonera n’inganda rigomba kunoza ibice bidashyize mu gaciro byubatswe, bitari muburyo bwuburyo bworoshye kandi byoroshye gutera ruswa, kugirango bihuze nibisabwa mubikorwa bitandukanye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-22-2025
