Valve y'Irembo: Valve y'Irembo ni valve ikoresha irembo (igipande cy'irembo) kugira ngo igende ihagaze ku murongo w'inzira. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu miyoboro yo gutandukanya icyuma gikoreshwa mu gufunga, ni ukuvuga gufungura neza cyangwa gufunga neza. Muri rusange, valve z'irembo ntizikwiriye kugenga amazi. Zishobora gukoreshwa haba ku bushyuhe buke ndetse no ku bushyuhe bwinshi ndetse no gukoresha umuvuduko, bitewe n'ibikoresho bya valve.
Ariko, muri rusange, valve zo mu irembo ntizikoreshwa mu miyoboro itwara ubutayu cyangwa ibindi bisa nabyo.
Ibyiza:
Ubudahangarwa bw'amazi buke.
Bisaba imbaraga ntoya zo gufungura no gufunga.
Ishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bw'imigezi bubiri, bigatuma icyuma gitembera mu byerekezo byombi.
Iyo ifunguye neza, ubuso bwo gufunga ntibushobora kwangirika cyane ugereranije n'uburyo bwo gukora ugereranije n'uburyo bwo gufunga imigozi.
Imiterere yoroshye ifite uburyo bwiza bwo kuyikora.
Uburebure bw'imiterere mito.
Ibibi:
Ingano nini muri rusange n'umwanya wo kuyishyiraho birakenewe.
Kurushaho kwangirika no kwangirika hagati y’ibifunga ahantu mu gihe cyo gufungura no gufunga, cyane cyane iyo hari ubushyuhe bwinshi.
Ubusanzwe, ama-valve yo mu irembo agira ubuso bubiri bwo gufunga, ibyo bikaba bishobora kongera ingorane mu gutunganya, gusya no kubungabunga.
Igihe kirekire cyo gufungura no gufunga.
Valve y'ikinyugunyugu: Valve y'ikinyugunyugu ni valve ikoresha ikintu cyo gufunga gifite ishusho ya disiki kugira ngo izunguruke dogere 90 kugira ngo ifungure, ifunge, kandi igenzure uburyo amazi atembera.
Ibyiza:
Imiterere yoroshye, ingano nto, yoroheje, kandi ikoreshwa mu bikoresho bike, bigatuma ikoreshwa neza n'udupira tunini.
Gufungura no gufunga vuba kandi nta bushobozi bwo gutemba buhagije.
Ishobora gufata imashini irimo uduce duto duto kandi ishobora gukoreshwa mu imashini irimo ifu n'uduce duto bitewe n'ubunini bw'ubuso bufunga.
Ikwiriye gufungura, gufunga, no kugenzura imiyoboro ikoresha umwuka n'ingufu. Ikoreshwa cyane mu byuma, inganda z'amashanyarazi, amashanyarazi, na sisitemu za peteroli ku miyoboro ya gazi n'imigezi.
Ibibi:
Ingano nto y'amazi akoreshwa mu kugabanya umuvuduko w'amazi; iyo valve ifunguyeho 30%, umuvuduko w'amazi uzarenga 95%.
Ntibikwiriye imiyoboro y'amazi ikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi bitewe n'imbogamizi mu miterere no mu gufunga ibikoresho. Muri rusange, ikora ku bushyuhe buri munsi ya 300°C na PN40 cyangwa munsi yayo.
Umusaruro wo gufunga ukabije ugereranije n'udupira tw'umupira n'udupira tw'isi, bityo ntabwo ari byiza gukoreshwa mu gushyiramo udupira dufite ibisabwa byinshi byo gufunga.
Valve y'umupira: Valve y'umupira ikomoka kuri valve ifunga, kandi igice cyayo cyo gufunga ni umubumbe uzenguruka dogere 90 ukikije umurongo w'amashanyarazivalveUruti kugira ngo rufunguke kandi rufunge. Valve y'umupira ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu miyoboro kugira ngo ifunze, ikwirakwizwe, kandi ihindure icyerekezo cy'amazi. Valve z'umupira zifite imyenge isa na V nazo zifite ubushobozi bwo kugenzura amazi.
Ibyiza:
Ubudahangarwa buke bw'amazi (mu buryo bugaragara ni zeru).
Ikoreshwa neza mu bikoresho byangiza n'ibinyobwa bishyuha bike kuko idafatana mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha (nta mavuta akoreshwa).
Irinda burundu igitutu n'ubushyuhe bwinshi.
Gufungura no gufunga byihuse, hamwe n’inyubako zimwe na zimwe zifite igihe cyo gufungura no gufunga kingana n’amasegonda 0.05 kugeza 0.1, bibereye sisitemu zikora mu buryo bwikora mu ntebe zo gupima nta ngaruka zibaye mu gihe cyo gukora.
Gushyira umupira mu mwanya wawo mu buryo bwikora ku mipaka.
Gufunga byizewe ku mpande zombi z'igikoresho gikoreshwa.
Nta gushonga kw'ubuso bufunga ibintu bivuye mu byuma bikoresha umuvuduko mwinshi iyo bifunguye cyangwa bifunze neza.
Imiterere mito kandi yoroheje, bituma iba imiterere ikwiriye cyane ya sisitemu z'itumanaho zikoresha ubushyuhe buke.
Umubiri w'imvange uhuza imiterere y'imiyoboro, cyane cyane mu miterere y'imiyoboro ivanze, ushobora kwihanganira imiyoboro.
Igice cyo gufunga gishobora kwihanganira itandukaniro ry’umuvuduko mwinshi mu gihe cyo gufunga. Vali z’umupira zikozwe neza zishobora gupfukwa munsi y’ubutaka, kugira ngo ibice by’imbere bitangirika, kandi igihe ntarengwa cyo gukora kibe imyaka 30, bigatuma ziba nziza ku miyoboro ya peteroli na gazi.
Ibibi:
Impeta y'ingenzi yo gufunga ya valve y'umupira ni polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), idakora ku bintu hafi ya byose bya shimi kandi ifite imiterere yuzuye nko kuba ifite ubushobozi buke bwo gukururana, ubushobozi buhamye, ubushobozi bwo kudasaza, ubushobozi bwo gufunga ku rugero runini rw'ubushyuhe, ndetse n'ubushobozi bwiza bwo gufunga.
Ariko, imiterere ifatika ya PTFE, harimo no kuba ifite ubushobozi bwo kwaguka cyane, ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ubukonje, ndetse n'ubushobozi buke bwo gutwara ubushyuhe, bisaba ko imiterere y'imyanya y'intebe ishingira kuri ibi biranga. Kubwibyo, iyo ibikoresho byo gufunga bikomereye, icyizere cy'imyanya y'icyuma kiragabanuka.
Byongeye kandi, PTFE ifite ubushobozi bwo kwirinda ubushyuhe buri hasi kandi ishobora gukoreshwa gusa munsi ya 180°C. Uretse ubu bushyuhe, ibikoresho bifunga bizasaza. Ukurikije ikoreshwa ry'igihe kirekire, muri rusange ntikoreshwa hejuru ya 120°C.
Imikorere yayo iri hasi cyane ugereranyije n'iya vali y'isi, cyane cyane vali z'umwuka (cyangwa vali z'amashanyarazi).
Valve y'Isi: Ivuga valve aho igice cyo gufunga (disiki ya valve) kigenda ku murongo wo hagati w'intebe. Ihindagurika ry'icyicaro cy'intebe rijyanye neza n'urugendo rwa disiki ya valve. Bitewe n'urugendo rugufi rwo gufungura no gufunga rw'ubu bwoko bwa valve n'imikorere yabwo yizewe yo kuzimya, ndetse n'isano iri hagati y'ihindagurika ry'icyicaro cy'intebe n'ingendo za disiki ya valve, irakwiriye cyane mu kugenzura amazi. Kubwibyo, ubu bwoko bwa valve bukunze gukoreshwa mu kuzimya, kugenzura no gufunga.
Ibyiza:
Mu gihe cyo gufungura no gufunga, imbaraga zo gukururana hagati ya disiki ya valve n'ubuso bwo gufunga bw'umubiri wa valve ziba nto ugereranije n'iz'imashini yo ku irembo, bigatuma idashira.
Uburebure bw'aho intebe iherereye muri rusange ni 1/4 cy'umuyoboro w'intebe, bigatuma iba nto cyane ugereranije na valve y'irembo.
Ubusanzwe, hari ubuso bumwe gusa bwo gufunga ku mubiri wa valve na disiki ya valve, bigatuma byoroha kuyikora no kuyisana.
Ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi kuko ipakiye akenshi iba ivanze na asbestos na grafiti. Valve z'isi zikoreshwa cyane mu mvange z'umwuka.
Ibibi:
Bitewe n'impinduka mu cyerekezo cy'inzira y'amashanyarazi inyura muri vali, ubushobozi buke bwo guhangana n'amazi ya vali y'isi yose ni bwinshi kurusha ubundi bwoko bwinshi bwa vali.
Bitewe n'uburyo bwo gukubita igihe kirekire, umuvuduko wo gufungura ugenda buhoro ugereranije n'ingufu z'umupira.
Valve yo gushyiramo: Ivuga valve izunguruka ifite ikintu cyo gufunga mu buryo bwa silindiri cyangwa cone. Valve yo gushyiramo valve izunguruka dogere 90 kugira ngo ihuze cyangwa itandukanye inzira iri ku mubiri wa valve, bigatuma valve ifunguka cyangwa ifunga. Imiterere ya valve ishobora kuba uruziga cyangwa isongoye. Ihame ryayo risa n'iry'umupira, wakozwe hashingiwe kuri valve yo gushyiramo kandi ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu icukurwa rya peteroli ndetse no mu nganda zikora peteroli.
Valve y'umutekano: Ikora nk'igikoresho cyo kurinda umuvuduko ukabije ku mato, ibikoresho, cyangwa imiyoboro ifite umuvuduko. Iyo umuvuduko uri mu bikoresho, ubwato, cyangwa umuyoboro urenze agaciro kemewe, valve irakinguka kugira ngo irekure ubushobozi bwose, hirindwe ko umuvuduko wongera kwiyongera. Iyo umuvuduko umanutse ukagera ku gaciro kagenwe, valve igomba guhita ifunga kugira ngo irinde imikorere myiza y'ibikoresho, ubwato, cyangwa umuyoboro.
Umutego w'umwuka: Mu gutwara umwuka, umwuka ufunze, n'ibindi bikoresho, amazi afunze arakorwa. Kugira ngo igikoresho gikore neza kandi gikore neza, ni ngombwa gusohora ku gihe ibyo bikoresho bidafite akamaro kandi byangiza kugira ngo gikomeze gukoreshwa no gukoreshwa. Gifite imirimo ikurikira: (1) Gishobora gusohora vuba amazi afunze. (2) Kirinda umwuka gusohoka. (3) Gikuraho.
Valve Igabanya Umuvuduko: Ni valve igabanya umuvuduko w'amazi yinjira ku muvuduko wifuza binyuze mu guhindura no kwishingikiriza ku ngufu z'icyuma ubwacyo kugira ngo ikomeze umuvuduko uhoraho w'amazi.
Valve yo kugenzura: Bizwi kandi nka vali idasubira inyuma, irinda gusubira inyuma, vali y'umuvuduko w'inyuma, cyangwa vali y'inzira imwe. Izi vali zifungurwa kandi zigafungwa mu buryo bwikora n'imbaraga zikomoka ku gutemba kw'umwuka mu muyoboro, bigatuma ziba ubwoko bwa vali yikora. Vali z'umuvuduko zikoreshwa mu miyoboro kandi inshingano zazo z'ingenzi ni ukurinda gusubira inyuma hagati, gukumira gusubira inyuma kw'ipompo na moteri zitwara, no kurekura ibikoresho. Vali z'umuvuduko zishobora kandi gukoreshwa ku miyoboro itanga sisitemu z'ubufasha aho umuvuduko ushobora kuzamuka hejuru y'umuvuduko w'umwuka. Zishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bitandukanye mu bwoko bwa rotary (zizunguruka hashingiwe ku gice cyo hagati cy'uburemere) n'ubwoko bwo guterura (zigenda ku murongo).
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-03-2023
